Artificially decreasing cortical tension generates aneuploidy in mouse oocytes

Bennabi, Isma; Crozet, Flora; Nikalayevich, Elvira; Chaigne, Agathe; Letort, Gaëlle; Manil-Ségalen, Marion; Campillo, Clément; Cadart, Clotilde; Othmani, Alice; Attia, Rafaële; Genovesio, Auguste; Verlhac, Marie‐Hélène; Terret, Marie-Émilie

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15470-y

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…We observed no defects in the alignment or segregation of meiosis I chromosomes in Myo10 -/oocytes ( Fig.3E, F; Movie 4). Chromosome alignment was evaluated 30 minutes before anaphase by framing all chromosomes in a single rectangle (referred to as bounding box as in Bennabi et al, 2020) Consistent with our observations on spindle assembly ( Fig. 2C and D), bounding boxes values were not significantly different between the two conditions.…”

Section: Chromosomes Are Well Aligned In Myo10 Depleted Oocytessupporting

confidence: 71%

“…A weakened transmission of forces to the spindle has no effect on spindle morphogenesis but alters meiosis I chromosome alignment in mouse oocytes engineered to become extra-soft (Bennabi et al, 2020). We thus assessed chromosome behavior in Myo10 -/oocytes, testing whether MYO10 depletion might Development • Accepted manuscript affect force transmission if not to the spindle, at least to the chromosomes.…”

Section: Chromosomes Are Well Aligned In Myo10 Depleted Oocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myosin-X is dispensable for spindle morphogenesis and positioning in the mouse oocyte

et al. 2021

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Off-center spindle positioning in mammalian oocytes enables asymmetric divisions in size, important for subsequent embryogenesis. The migration of the meiosis I spindle from the oocyte center to its cortex is mediated by F-actin. Specifically, an F-actin-cage surrounds the microtubule spindle and applies forces to it. To better understand how F-actin transmits forces to the spindle, we studied a potential direct link between F-actin and microtubules. For this, we tested the implication of Myosin-X, a known F-actin and microtubule binder involved in spindle morphogenesis and/or positioning in somatic cells, amphibian oocytes and embryos. Using a mouse strain conditionally invalidated for Myosin-X in oocytes and by live cell imaging, we show that Myosin-X is not localized on the spindle and dispensable for spindle and F-actin assembly. It is not required for force transmission since spindle migration and chromosome alignment occur normally. More broadly, Myosin-X is dispensable for oocyte developmental potential and female fertility. We therefore exclude a role for Myosin-X in transmitting F-actin-mediated forces to the spindle, opening new perspectives regarding this mechanism in mouse oocytes, which differs from most mitotic cells.

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Section: Chromosomes Are Well Aligned In Myo10 Depleted Oocytessupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Chromosomes Are Well Aligned In Myo10 Depleted Oocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myosin-X is dispensable for spindle morphogenesis and positioning in the mouse oocyte

et al. 2021

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“…The point of intersection between the line connecting the two dominant spindle poles and spindle midzone was used to determine the position of the spindle. The point of intersection between the two lines representing the minor axis length and the major axis length of chromosomes was used to determine the position of all chromosomes 49 . The speed and distance for each MTOC were analyzed separately before calculating the average for all MTOCs within each oocyte.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoplasmic Microtubule Organizing Centers Regulate Meiotic Spindle Positioning in Mouse Oocyte

Vasquez

Rodriguez-Lukey

Balboula

2020

Preprint

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During oocyte meiosis, migration of the spindle and its positioning must be tightly regulated to ensure elimination of the polar bodies and provide developmentally competent euploid eggs. Although the role of F-actin in regulating these critical processes has been studied extensively, little is known whether microtubules (MTs) participate in regulating these processes. Here, we characterize a pool of MTOCs in the oocyte that does not contribute to spindle assembly but instead remains free in the cytoplasm during metaphase I (metaphase cytoplasmic MTOCs; mcMTOCs). In contrast to spindle pole MTOCs, which primarily originate from the perinuclear region in prophase I, the mcMTOCs are found near the cortex of the oocyte. At nuclear envelope breakdown, they exhibit robust nucleation of MTs, which diminishes during polar body extrusion before returning robustly during metaphase II. The asymmetric positioning of the mcMTOCs provides the spindle with a MT-based anchor line to the cortex opposite the site of polar body extrusion. Depletion of mcMTOCs, by laser ablation, or manipulating their numbers, through inhibitors or inducers of autophagy, revealed that the mcMTOCs are required to regulate the timely migration and positioning of the spindle in meiosis. We discuss how forces exerted by F-actin in mediating movement of the spindle to the oocyte cortex are balanced by MT-mediated forces from the mcMTOCs to ensure spindle positioning.

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“…Oocyte maturation is a complex event that involves several crucial intercellular, intracellular, and molecular processes that lead to the generation of a mature and competent oocyte that can be fertilized by sperm and support early embryogenesis. Alterations in the normal choreography of this complex event have been associated with poorly developed oocytes, aneuploidy, miscarriage, infertility, and birth defects ( Cimadomo et al, 2018 ; Bennabi et al, 2020 ). One unique feature of this event is asymmetric cytokinesis, without which successful oocyte maturation and fertilization cannot be achieved.…”

Section: Rho Kinase and Oocyte Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rocking the Boat: The Decisive Roles of Rho Kinases During Oocyte, Blastocyst, and Stem Cell Development

Saadeldin

Tukur

Aljumaah

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The rho-associated coiled-coil-containing proteins (ROCKs or rho kinase) are effectors of the small rho-GTPase rhoA, which acts as a signaling molecule to regulate a variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, adhesion, polarity, cytokinesis, and survival. Owing to the multifunctionality of these kinases, an increasing number of studies focus on understanding the pleiotropic effects of the ROCK signaling pathway in the coordination and control of growth (proliferation, initiation, and progression), development (morphology and differentiation), and survival in many cell types. There is growing evidence that ROCKs actively phosphorylate several actin-binding proteins and intermediate filament proteins during oocyte cytokinesis, the preimplantation embryos as well as the stem cell development and differentiation. In this review, we focus on the participation of ROCK proteins in oocyte maturation, blastocyst formation, and stem cell development with a special focus on the selective targeting of ROCK isoforms, ROCK1, and ROCK2. The selective switching of cell fate through ROCK inhibition would provide a novel paradigm for in vitro oocyte maturation, experimental embryology, and clinical applications.

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Artificially decreasing cortical tension generates aneuploidy in mouse oocytes

Cited by 27 publications

References 77 publications

Myosin-X is dispensable for spindle morphogenesis and positioning in the mouse oocyte

Myosin-X is dispensable for spindle morphogenesis and positioning in the mouse oocyte

Cytoplasmic Microtubule Organizing Centers Regulate Meiotic Spindle Positioning in Mouse Oocyte

Rocking the Boat: The Decisive Roles of Rho Kinases During Oocyte, Blastocyst, and Stem Cell Development

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