Artificial Urushi

Kobayashi, Shiro; Uyama, Hiroshi; Ikeda, Rinsei

doi:10.1002/1521-3765(20011119)7:22<4754::aid-chem4754>3.0.co;2-5

Cited by 64 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Oriental lacquers ( urushi ) are manmade coatings of natural origin sourced from the cured sap of several trees native to Southeast Asia, particularly, Rhus verniciflua , that have been used for more than 2000 years across the region to decorate objects with a flawless, high‐gloss, polished finish. In addition to their highly artistic and cultural relevance, oriental lacquers have been studied for their useful qualities, such as being biodegradable, eco‐friendly surface protectors,227 with better solvent resistance compared to synthetic substitute lacquers, and excellent durability when stored in proper conditions 228. Regarding its chemical composition, the sap of the lacquer tree is an o/w emulsion of several long‐chain (C 15 , C 17 ), 3‐ and 4‐mono‐ and polyunsaturated alkylcatechols, collectively known as urushiol , in an aqueous medium containing a complex mixture of polysaccharides, glycoproteins, metal ions and several enzymes with phenoloxidase activity, of which laccase is recognized as the most important one 229.…”

Section: Functional Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catechol‐Based Biomimetic Functional Materials

Saiz‐Poseu²,

et al. 2012

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Abstract.Catechols are found in nature taking part in a remarkably broad scope of biochemical processes and functions. Though not exclusively, such versatility may be traced back to several properties uniquely found together in the o -dihydroxyaryl chemical function; namely, its ability to establish reversible equilibria at moderate redox potentials and pHs and to irreversibly cross-link through complex oxidation mechanisms; its excellent chelating properties, greatly exemplifi ed by, but by no means exclusive, to the binding of Fe 3 + ; and the diverse modes of interaction of the vicinal hydroxyl groups with all kinds of surfaces of remarkably different chemical and physical nature. Thanks to this diversity, catechols can be found either as simple molecular systems, forming part of supramolacular structures, coordinated to different metal ions or as macromolecules mostly arising from polymerization mechanisms through covalent bonds. Such versatility has allowed catechols to participate in several natural processes and functions that range from the adhesive properties of marine organisms to the storage of some transition metal ions. As a result of such an astonishing range of functionalities, catechol-based systems have in recent years been subject to intense research, aimed at mimicking these natural systems in order to develop new functional materials and coatings. A comprehensive review of these studies is discussed in this paper.

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Section: Functional Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catechol‐Based Biomimetic Functional Materials

Saiz‐Poseu²,

et al. 2012

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“…Due to its potential as ‗fully renewable and benign' alternative to chemical formaldehyde-phenol resins, the enzymatic polymerization of urushiols has been thoroughly investigated by the Kobayashi group [164][165][166][167]. Synthetic, tailored urushiols have also been proposed by lipase-catalyzed acylation of benzylic OH-groups followed by peroxidase-or laccase-initiated polymerization of the phenol/catechols moiety ( Figure 25).…”

Section: Artificial Urushimentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme Initiated Radical Polymerizations

2012

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“…In 1883, Yoshida described the isolation of this enzyme from the lacquer tree Rhus vernicifera . More than 100 years later, this research is still significant in the production of artificial Urushi lacquer by using laccase isolates . Apart from its presence in plants, laccases have also been found in insects and prokaryotes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laccase‐Mediated Grafting on Biopolymers and Synthetic Polymers: A Critical Review

2017

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Laccase‐mediated grafting on lignocelluloses has gained considerable attention as an environmentally benign method to covalently modify wood, paper and cork. In recent decades this technique has also been employed to modify fibres with a polysaccharide backbone, such as cellulose or chitosan, to infer colouration, antimicrobial activity or antioxidant activity to the material. The scope of this approach has been further widened by researchers, who apply mediators or high redox potential laccases and those that modify synthetic polymers and proteins. In all cases, the methodology relies on one‐ or two‐electron oxidation of the surface functional groups or of the graftable molecule in solution. However, similar results can very often be achieved through simple deposition, even after extensive washing. This unintended adsorption of the active substance could have an adverse effect on the durability of the applied coating. Differentiating between actual covalent binding and adsorption is therefore essential, but proves to be challenging. This review not only covers excellent research on the topic of laccase‐mediated grafting over the last five to ten years, but also provides a critical comparison to highlight either the lack or presence of compelling evidence for covalent grafting.

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Artificial Urushi

Cited by 64 publications

References 38 publications

Catechol‐Based Biomimetic Functional Materials

Catechol‐Based Biomimetic Functional Materials

Enzyme Initiated Radical Polymerizations

Laccase‐Mediated Grafting on Biopolymers and Synthetic Polymers: A Critical Review

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