Artificial small-diameter blood vessels: materials, fabrication, surface modification, mechanical properties, and bioactive functionalities

Wang, Dongfang; Xu, Yiyang; Li, Qian; Turng, Lih‐Sheng

doi:10.1039/c9tb01849b

Cited by 108 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…One of the most favorable properties of electrospun nanofibers is their morphology. It highly resembles collagen fibers in native ECM, making them attractive as scaffolds in tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, or wound dressings [ 8 , 9 ]. Besides aliphatic polyesters, semicrystalline fluoropolymers, especially polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), gained attention as smart piezoelectric scaffolds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophilic Surface Functionalization of Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering

2020

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Electrospun polymer nanofibers have received much attention in tissue engineering due to their valuable properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradation ability, appropriate mechanical properties, and, most importantly, fibrous structure, which resembles the morphology of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. However, they are usually hydrophobic and suffer from a lack of bioactive molecules, which provide good cell adhesion to the scaffold surface. Post-electrospinning surface functionalization allows overcoming these limitations through polar groups covalent incorporation to the fibers surface, with subsequent functionalization with biologically active molecules or direct deposition of the biomolecule solution. Hydrophilic surface functionalization methods are classified into chemical approaches, including wet chemical functionalization and covalent grafting, a physiochemical approach with the use of a plasma treatment, and a physical approach that might be divided into physical adsorption and layer-by-layer assembly. This review discusses the state-of-the-art of hydrophilic surface functionalization strategies of electrospun nanofibers for tissue engineering applications. We highlighted the major advantages and drawbacks of each method, at the same time, pointing out future perspectives and solutions in the hydrophilic functionalization strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophilic Surface Functionalization of Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering

2020

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“…Apart from biomimetic structure, an ideal graft should also possess the ability to promote rapid endothelialization and prevent coagulation. An effective way is to conduct surface modification such that bioactive molecules and growth factors can be adsorbed and immobilized on the surface of fibrous grafts [3,17,18]. Among various bioactive molecules, heparin has gained considerable attention since it is an effective and widely used anticoagulant in clinics [13,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heparinization and hybridization of electrospun tubular graft for improved endothelialization and anticoagulation

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2021

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Constructing biomimetic structure and immobilizing antithrombus factors are two effective methods to ensure rapid endothelialization and long-term anticoagulation for small-diameter vascular grafts. However, few literatures are available regarding simultaneous implementation of these two strategies. Herein, a nano-micro-fibrous biomimetic graft with a heparin coating was prepared via a step-by-step in situ biosynthesis method to improve potential endothelialization and anticoagulation. The 4-mm-diameter tubular graft consists of electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) microfibers and entangled bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) nanofibers with heparin coating on dual fibers. The hybridized and heparinized graft possesses suitable pore structure that facilitates endothelia cells adhesion and proliferation but prevents infiltration of fibrous tissue and blood leakage. In addition, it shows higher mechanical properties than those of bare CA and hybridized CA/BNC grafts, which match well with native blood vessels. Moreover, this dually modified graft exhibits improved blood compatibility and endothelialization over the counterparts without hybridization or heparinization according to the testing results of platelet adhesion, cell morphology, and protein expression of von Willebrand Factor. This novel graft with dual modifications shows promising as a new small-diameter vascular graft. This study provides a guidance for promoting endothelialization and blood compatibility by dual modifications of biomimetic structure and immobilized bioactive molecules.

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“…Therefore, gelatin can be combined with PCL to obtain a composite scaffold having improved cell adhesion and proliferation properties, not significantly affecting functional response in terms of stability and flexibility [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Moreover, nanofibrous scaffolds show comparable mechanical properties respect to natural human blood vessels [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. However, this study has not yet established biological assessments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun PCL-Based Vascular Grafts: In Vitro Tests

et al. 2021

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Background: Electrospun fibers have attracted a lot of attention from researchers due to their several characteristics, such as a very thin diameter, three-dimensional topography, large surface area, flexible surface, good mechanical characteristics, suitable for widespread applications. Indeed, electro-spinning offers many benefits, such as great surface-to-volume ratio, adjustable porosity, and the ability of imitating the tissue extra-cellular matrix. Methods: we processed Poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) via electrospinning for the production of bilayered tubular scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering application. Endothelial cells and fibroblasts were seeded into the two side of the scaffolds: endothelial cells onto the inner side composed of PCL/Gelatin fibers able to mimic the inner surface of the vessels, and fibroblasts onto the outer side only exposing PCL fibers. Extracellular matrix production and organization has been performed by means of classical immunofluorescence against collagen type I fibers, Scanning Electron-Microscopy (SEM) has been performed in order to evaluated ultrastructural morphology, gene expression by means gene expression has been performed to evaluate the phenotype of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Results and conclusion: results confirmed that both cells population are able to conserve their phenotype colonizing the surface supporting the hypothesis that PCL scaffolds based on electrospun fibers should be a good candidate for vascular surgery.

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Artificial small-diameter blood vessels: materials, fabrication, surface modification, mechanical properties, and bioactive functionalities

Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases, especially ones involving narrowed or blocked blood vessels with diameters smaller than 6 millimeters, are the leading cause of death globally.

Cited by 108 publications

References 176 publications

Hydrophilic Surface Functionalization of Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering

Hydrophilic Surface Functionalization of Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering

Heparinization and hybridization of electrospun tubular graft for improved endothelialization and anticoagulation

Electrospun PCL-Based Vascular Grafts: In Vitro Tests

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