Artificial Simulation of Renal Stone Formation

Grases, F.; Costa-Bauzà, Antònia; March, J.G.; Söhnel, O.

doi:10.1159/000187445

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The levels found in blood and mammalian tissues are dependent on the amount in the dietary intake (11)(12)(13). Phytate inhibits crystallization of calcium salts in urine and soft tissues, and prevents the formation of renal calculi (13)(14)(15)(16), acts as an antioxidant (17,18) and protects against development of colon cancer (19,20). The aim of this paper was to study the factors implied in formation of intrapapillary calcifications, to evaluate the capacity of HAP calcifications to promote crystallization of calcium salts in urine and to assess the inhibitory action caused by phytate in both cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytate acts as an inhibitor in formation of renal calculi

Gráses

Isern²,

Sanchís³

et al. 2007

Front Biosci

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The aim of this study was to assess the inhibitory action of phytate in formation of renal calculi. Hypertension (induced by nicotine) combined with hypercalcemia (induced by D vitamin) was used to induce calcification in renal tissue in male Wistar rats that were fed a purified phytate free diet. Phytate non-treated rats developed significant calcium deposits in kidneys and papillae, as well as in kidney tubules and vessels, whereas calcium deposits were absent in control and phytate treated rats. Fragments of hydroxyapatite (HAP) calculi exhibited the capacity to induce the growth of calcium salts on their surfaces. Presence of 1.5 mg/L of phytate in the synthetic urine inhibited the formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate on HAP renal calculi in normocalciuric conditions. The findings show that the action of phytate as a crystallization inhibitor takes place both in the intrapapillary tissue and urine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytate acts as an inhibitor in formation of renal calculi

Gráses

Isern²,

Sanchís³

et al. 2007

Front Biosci

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“…Formation of crystals and/or crystalline concretions carried out in vitro using mostly synthetic urine have been extensively employed in support of conclusions derived from urolith studies [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]. Based on these works a feasible mechanism of renal urolithiasis was formulated [19, 20, 21, 22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Concretions Developed around Urinary Catheters and Mechanisms of Renal Calculi Development

Gráses¹,

Söhnel

Costa-Bauzà³

et al. 2001

Nephron

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Aims: To study the structure and composition of encrustation and concretions developed on urinary catheters to better understand their formation mechanism to be able to prevent them. Methods: The surface of catheters was studied by direct and scanning electron microscopy observation. In vitro formation of encrustations was performed in synthetic urine. Results: The surface of catheters was covered by a continuous layer of organic matter, on which a thin scale consisting of crystals of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), uric acid anhydrous or calcium phosphate developed. Encrustations observed on catheters generally exhibited the same composition as the previously developed renal calculi. In catheters collected from patients without previous episodes of renal calculi or with previous episodes of infected renal calculi in which infection was afterwards eradicated, on the first organic layer, in that case plate-like COM crystals forming a columnar layer were observed. In vitro experiments demonstrated that COM columnar structures were only formed when normocalciuric urine containing organic matter was used, and the presence of crystallization inhibitors, as phytate, notably delayed their formation. Conclusion: Calcium oxalate was the main crystalline phase developed on catheters inserted in patients, specially in the absence of urinary infection or urinary pH values <5.5 and high urinary uric acid levels. Thus, prophylaxis of encrustations may consist of preventive measures usually applied in cases of recurrent idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis.

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“…44 These formed crystallites would attach to the walls of the renal papilla in which the GAG layer was damaged, destroyed, or reduced. [45][46][47][48] These crystallites can act as heterogeneous nucleants of COM and induce the formation of loosely arranged twinned and intergrown plate-like COM crystals, thereby constituting the "core" of a COM calculus. 45 In a certain developing stage, the organic material presented in urine covered the "core" surface.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanouric acid or nanocalcium phosphate as central nidus to induce calcium oxalate stone formation: a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy study on urinary nanocrystallites

Gao¹,

Xue²,

Xu³

et al. 2014

IJN

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Purpose This study aimed to accurately analyze the relationship between calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation and the components of urinary nanocrystallites. Method High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction, fast Fourier transformation of HRTEM, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were performed to analyze the components of these nanocrystallites. Results The main components of CaOx stones are calcium oxalate monohydrate and a small amount of dehydrate, while those of urinary nanocrystallites are calcium oxalate monohydrate, uric acid, and calcium phosphate. The mechanism of formation of CaOx stones was discussed based on the components of urinary nanocrystallites. Conclusion The formation of CaOx stones is closely related both to the properties of urinary nanocrystallites and to the urinary components. The combination of HRTEM, fast Fourier transformation, selected area electron diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy could be accurately performed to analyze the components of single urinary nanocrystallites. This result provides evidence for nanouric acid and/or nanocalcium phosphate crystallites as the central nidus to induce CaOx stone formation.

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Artificial Simulation of Renal Stone Formation

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Phytate acts as an inhibitor in formation of renal calculi

Phytate acts as an inhibitor in formation of renal calculi

Study on Concretions Developed around Urinary Catheters and Mechanisms of Renal Calculi Development

Nanouric acid or nanocalcium phosphate as central nidus to induce calcium oxalate stone formation: a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy study on urinary nanocrystallites

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