Artificial reefs and reef restoration in the Laurentian Great Lakes

McLean, Matthew W.; Roseman, Edward F.; Pritt, Jeremy J.; Kennedy, George C.; Manny, Bruce A.

doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2014.11.021

Cited by 44 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…), and as sediments are deposited over these habitats the protective interstitial spaces can be lost due to infilling (McLean et al. ). Fine particulate sediments, such as sand and silt, have been found to exert stronger effects on incubating eggs compared to coarse‐sized sediments, such as gravel (Reiser and White ).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Sediment Cover and Female Characteristics on the Hatching Success of Walleye

Gatch

Koenigbauer

Roseman

et al. 2020

N American J Fish Manag

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Natural and anthropogenic sources of sedimentation have the potential to degrade spawning habitat and negatively affect incubating fish embryos. Walleye Sander vitreus are lithophilic broadcast spawners that use specific spawning habitats that are vulnerable to degradation caused by deposition of suspended sediments. We measured the effect of different types of sediment cover on hatching success of Walleye eggs and assessed whether differences in female Walleye (female length and mean egg size) account for tolerance to sediment cover. Experiments were carried out in 2018 to test the effect of sediment cover on hatching success and in 2019 to test how female identity and female length or mean egg size may interact with sediment cover to influence hatching success. Eggs in both experiments were exposed to instantaneous sediment cover (0–7 mm) of either sand or silt from fertilization until day 15 of incubation. Results indicated that Walleye eggs were sensitive to silt cover (71% mortality with 2 mm of silt cover) but not sand cover (47% mortality with 7 mm of sand cover). Hatching success differed significantly among individual females. Although there was an indication that hatching success was marginally negatively related to female length and positively related to mean egg size, sediment cover seemed to have similar effects on eggs, regardless of female length or egg size. Susceptibility of Walleye eggs to mortality caused by sediment cover further underscores the need to limit large‐scale sediment loading and resuspension in aquatic systems.

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Sediment Cover and Female Characteristics on the Hatching Success of Walleye

Gatch

Koenigbauer

Roseman

et al. 2020

N American J Fish Manag

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“…In our study, lower numbers of eggs and larvae were found in 2016, a year with cooler and more variable temperatures than 2015. Although Walleye spawning occurred approximately 10 d earlier in 2016 than in 2015, larval out-migration occurred 7 d later in 2016 than in 2015(i.e., May 3, 2016, versus April 27, 2015. Assuming that the time between when eggs were first detected to when larvae were caught approximates the incubation period, eggs experienced less time to hatch in 2015 than in 2016.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For this reason, spawning habitat enhancement and rehabilitation projects are commonly used to help sustain these economically valuable fisheries. For Walleyes that spawn in tributaries, these projects include the addition of substrates to targeted areas that increase spawning habitat availability and quality (Geilling et al 1996;Dustin and Jacobson 2003;Katt et al 2011;McLean et al 2015). Despite the widespread use of habitat enhancement and rehabilitation projects (Geilling et al 1996), many lack formal evaluations of success (Bash and Ryan 2002) or have been met with inconsistent results (e.g., Geilling et al 1996;Dustin and Jacobson 2003;McLean et al 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For Walleyes that spawn in tributaries, these projects include the addition of substrates to targeted areas that increase spawning habitat availability and quality (Geilling et al 1996;Dustin and Jacobson 2003;Katt et al 2011;McLean et al 2015). Despite the widespread use of habitat enhancement and rehabilitation projects (Geilling et al 1996), many lack formal evaluations of success (Bash and Ryan 2002) or have been met with inconsistent results (e.g., Geilling et al 1996;Dustin and Jacobson 2003;McLean et al 2015). It is therefore important that enhancement projects are evaluated to ensure that the habitat enhancement achieves the desired outcome by addressing the factors affecting the spawning habitat (Minns et al 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Increased Walleye Egg‐to‐Larvae Survival following Spawning Habitat Enhancement in a Tributary of Eastern Lake Ontario

Leblanc

Brown

Farrell

2017

N American J Fish Manag

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To mitigate the effects of sedimentation from surrounding land use, a Newbury weir was installed in Kent's Creek (a tributary of eastern Lake Ontario) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program to enhance spawning habitat for Walleye Sander vitreus. By adding angular crushed limestone, the Newbury weir was designed as an engineered spawning riffle that creates a scouring effect to maintain clean spawning substrate for Walleyes. To evaluate the success of the Newbury weir, we compared rates of egg deposition, egg viability, and larval out‐migration between the created spawning riffle and a natural spawning bed for two seasons subsequent to its construction. Spawning Walleyes were found to immediately spawn on the created riffle following construction and demonstrated similar patterns of egg deposition and larval out‐migration at both sites each year. When data were pooled between years, significantly higher densities of out‐migrating larvae were observed at the Newbury weir despite the finding that significantly more eggs were spawned at the natural site. Considering that egg viability was similar between sites, we deduce that the created riffle had a higher egg‐to‐larvae survival rate. Our results suggest that the Newbury weir successfully created functional spawning habitat promoting out‐migrating larval Walleyes. We anticipate that the created riffle will maintain valuable spawning substrate for Walleyes, but sediments deposited from upstream eroding banks and agricultural land use practices could affect its long‐term viability. We recommend that future spawning habitat enhancement projects adopt similar approaches within appropriate fluvial geomorphic settings and additionally consider watershed‐scale improvements to enhance Walleye spawning tributaries. Received March 17, 2017; accepted May 26, 2017 Published online August 9, 2017

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“…Artificial reefs have been employed to enhance fisheries across a broad-spectrum of marine (Baine, 2001), estuarine (Folpp, Lowry, Gregson, & Suthers, 2013) and freshwater areas (McLean, Roseman, Pritt, Kennedy, & Manny, 2015). These deployments have a long history which is summarized elsewhere (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing the development of artificial reef systems: The need for quantitative goals

et al. 2018

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Fisheries enhancement initiatives are a potentially useful tool for managers to supplement traditional approaches. Habitat‐based enhancements often deploy artificial reefs with the aim to increase the available structure to augment local production, yet current assessment approaches make it difficult to assess whether these reefs achieve pre‐deployment goals. This makes it hard for managers to determine whether artificial reefs could improve their fishery outputs, potentially leading to missed opportunities and reduced production. We reviewed 270 research articles to determine whether existing monitoring studies identify whether artificial reefs meet their pre‐deployment goals, thereby providing some evidence of their suitability for certain fisheries. We found only 62% of these studies clearly articulated the original goals of the reef. Goals were qualitative, and most studies were conducted over insufficient time frames to allow for ecological communities to stabilize and mature. It is therefore difficult to determine the success or failure of many artificial reefs in addressing the management issues for which they were deployed. In the light of these findings, we think the setting of explicit quantitative goals (which may be biological, social or economic), and monitoring the performance of reefs against these goals, could stimulate the broader application of artificial reefs in fisheries management strategies. Such an approach has been successfully adopted in aquaculture‐based fisheries enhancement, and we explain how current evaluation methods such as harvest strategies can be easily adapted to quantitatively monitor artificial reef performance.

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Artificial reefs and reef restoration in the Laurentian Great Lakes

Cited by 44 publications

References 38 publications

The Effect of Sediment Cover and Female Characteristics on the Hatching Success of Walleye

The Effect of Sediment Cover and Female Characteristics on the Hatching Success of Walleye

Increased Walleye Egg‐to‐Larvae Survival following Spawning Habitat Enhancement in a Tributary of Eastern Lake Ontario

Managing the development of artificial reef systems: The need for quantitative goals

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