Artificial rearing with docosahexaenoic acid and n-6 docosapentaenoic acid alters rat tissue fatty acid composition

Abstract

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA;

The Percentage of n‐3 Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Total HUFA as a Biomarker for Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Status in Tissues

“…Evidence for DPAn-3 specific health benefits is very limited and impossible to isolate from EPA and DHA [32,33]. However the content of DPAn-3 can be equivalent and often higher than EPA with the notable exception being plasma [24] and increased DPAn-3 can decrease the production of AA-derived eicosanoids [33]. The inclusion of DPAn-3 in the sum of EPA + DHA resulted in minor but non-significant increases in the correlations between blood and tissues.…”

“…Animal tissues were obtained from male Long-Evans rats raised on diets either adequate or deficient in omega-3 fatty acids as described previously [22][23][24]. Experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH.…”

The Fat-1 Mouse has Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels Achievable Through Fish Oil Feeding

“…Brain PtdIns showed a significant main effect of genotype and diet on DHA concentrations ( Table 5). The n-6 PUFA docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6; DPAn-6) is a marker of n-3 PUFA deprivation, as it is known to increase in concentration as the levels of DHA decrease [39][40][41]. In ChoGpl, EthGpl, and PtdSer fractions there was a significant interaction of genotype and diet on DPAn-6 concentrations (Tables 2, 3, 4).…”

Compensatory induction of Fads1 gene expression in heterozygous Fads2-null mice and by diet with a high n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio

“…Our results are consistent with studies by Igarashi et al (40)(41)(42)) that reported upregulation of synthetic genes in liver but not in brain when rats were fed diets devoid of n-3 FAs for 15 weeks even though brain DHA decreased by nearly 40%. Skeletal and heart muscle in mice contains high DHA (43,44) compared with other species such as rats (45), pigs (46), and humans (47,48). Our study showed that unlike brain, the DHA content in gastrocnemius muscle markedly decreased and partly replaced with 22:5 n-6 when the dietary LA/ALA ratio was increased, although it is currently unknown if this change affects physiological Values are means ± SD (n = 6); data that do not share same superscript letter(s) within a row are significantly different, P < 0.05 by LSD multiple comparison.…”