Artificial rearing influences the morphology, permeability and redox state of the gastrointestinal tract of low and normal birth weight piglets

Vergauwen, Hans; Degroote, Jeroen; Prims, Sara; Wang, Wei; Fransén, Erik; Smet, Stefaan De; Casteleyn, Christophe; Cruchten, Steven Van; Michiels, Joris; Ginneken, Chris Van

doi:10.1186/s40104-017-0159-3

Cited by 15 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…This experiment included 180 piglets (Piétrain × Topigs hybrid) selected during 5 consecutive farrowing rounds from 68 litters with 14 or more live born piglets. At the day of birth, 90 pairs of low birth weight (LBW) and normal birth weight (NBW) gender-matched littermates were selected based on criteria parallel to previous research [30,31]. Piglets having a birth weight (BiW) between 0.75 and 0.90 kg and belonging to the lower quartile of their litter birth weight were classified as LBW, whereas an NBW littermate had a birth weight within 0.5 SD units of the mean birth weight of the whole litter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…weaning at 3 weeks of age (19.6 ± 0.50 d) (3w), weaning at 4 weeks of age (26.6 ± 0.50 d) (4w) and removal from the sow at 3 d of age and feeding a milk replacer until weaning at 3 weeks of age (19.8 ± 0.38 d) (3d3w). These 3d3w weaned piglets were raised following the procedures described by De Vos et al [35] and Vergauwen et al [31], using a commercial brooder system (Rescue Deck®) where milk replacer was mixed with water at a ratio of 1/4 (w/w), and was provided by an automated milk dispensing system. After weaning, piglets were housed in groups of 6 piglets per pen (2.40 m × 1.25 m).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of this study was therefore to determine the responses of the antioxidant system upon weaning, with the focus on the small intestinal GSH redox system, in piglets that were subjected to different pre-weaning conditions. A vast body of literature namely documents how functional [7,28,29] and also GSH redox [30][31][32] characteristics of the small intestine depend on birth weight and weaning age. Several authors report compromised digestive functions in suckling and fully weaned piglets that exhibit intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this respect, an earlier study demonstrated how artificial rearing of piglets, i.e. removal from the sow at 3 d of age and feeding a milk replacer, resulted in GSH redox imbalance and barrier disruption in the small intestine in the pre-weaning phase [31]. In the current study, we therefore aim to describe the post-weaning changes of the GSH redox system and explore the relations with the small intestinal integrity during the entire weaning transition in pigs with a low and normal birth weight that are subjected to different pre-weaning strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes of the glutathione redox system during the weaning transition in piglets, in relation to small intestinal morphology and barrier function

Degroote

Vergauwen

Wang

et al. 2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background: Weaning is known to result in barrier dysfunction and villus atrophy in the immediate post-weaning phase, and the magnitude of these responses is hypothesized to correlate with changes in the glutathione (GSH) redox system. Therefore, these parameters were simultaneously measured throughout the weaning phase, in piglets differing in birth weight category and weaning age, as these pre-weaning factors are important determinants for the weaning transition. Low birth weight (LBW) and normal birth weight (NBW) littermates were assigned to one of three weaning treatments; i.e. weaning at 3 weeks of age (3w), weaning at 4 weeks of age (4w) and removal from the sow at 3 d of age and fed a milk replacer until weaning at 3 weeks of age (3d3w). For each of these treatments, six LBW and six NBW piglets were euthanized at 0, 2, 5, 12 or 28 d post-weaning piglets, adding up 180 piglets. Results: Weaning increased the glutathione peroxidase activity on d 5 post-weaning in plasma, and duodenal and jejunal mucosa. Small intestinal glutathione-S-transferase activity gradually increased until d 12 post-weaning, and this was combined with a progressive rise of mucosal GSH up till d 12 post-weaning. Oxidation of the GSH redox status (GSH/GSSG E h) was only observed in the small intestinal mucosa of 3d3w weaned piglets at d 5 postweaning. These piglets also demonstrated increased fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FD4) and horseradish peroxidase fluxes in the duodenum and distal jejunum during the experiment, and specifically demonstrated increased FD4 fluxes at d 2 to d 5 post-weaning. On the other hand, profound villus atrophy was observed during the weaning transition for all weaning treatments. Finally, LBW and NBW piglets did not demonstrate notable differences in GSH redox status, small intestinal barrier function and histo-morphology throughout the experiment. Conclusion: Although moderate changes in the GSH redox system were observed upon weaning, the GSH redox status remained at a steady state level in 3w and 4w weaned piglets and was therefore not associated with weaning induced villus atrophy. Conversely, 3d3w weaned piglets demonstrated GSH redox imbalance in the small intestinal mucosa, and this co-occurred with a temporal malfunction of their intestinal barrier function.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes of the glutathione redox system during the weaning transition in piglets, in relation to small intestinal morphology and barrier function

Degroote

Vergauwen

Wang

et al. 2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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“…Oxidative stress in the intestine can be associated with increased permeability . Therefore, we assessed expression and localization of key tight junction proteins in the ileum using both immunofluorescent imaging and immunoblotting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess Dietary Zinc Intake in Neonatal Mice Causes Oxidative Stress and Alters Intestinal Host–Microbe Interactions

Podany

Rauchut

et al. 2018

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope Greater than 68% of young infants are exposed to dietary zinc (Zn) levels that are higher than the Tolerable Upper Intake Limit. However, the consequences of excess dietary Zn during early life on intestinal function and host–microbe interactions are unknown. Methods and Results Neonatal mice are gavaged with 100 Zn µg d–1 from postnatal day (PN) 2 through PN10 and indices of intestinal function and host–microbe interactions are compared to unsupplemented mice. Excess dietary Zn causes oxidative stress, increases goblet cell number and mucus production, and are associated with increased intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation. Over 900 genes are differentially expressed; 413 genes display a fold‐change >1.60. The Gene Ontology Biological processes most significantly affected include biological adhesion, the immune system, metabolic processes, and response to stimulus. Key genes most highly and significantly upregulated include ALDH2, MT1, TMEM6, CDK20, and COX62b, while CALU, ST3GAL4, CRTC2, SLC28A2, and COMMA1 are downregulated. These changes are associated with a microbiome enriched in pathogenic taxa including Pseudomonadales and Campylobacter, and greater expression of bacterial stress response genes. Conclusion Excess dietary Zn may have unforeseen influences on epithelial signaling pathways, barrier function, and luminal ecology in the intestine that may have long‐term consequences on intestinal health.

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Offspring of hyper prolific sows: Immunity, birthweight, and heterogeneous litters

Oliviero

2022

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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In Europe, in the last 3 decades, there has been a constant increase in litter size due to the use of superior maternal line genetics. Those sows giving birth to more piglets than their average number of functional teats are identified as hyperprolific sows (HPS). The large number of piglets born within a litter implies not only a challenge for their access to vital resources like colostrum and milk but has a direct effect on their average birth weight and heterogeneity. These conditions are detrimental to piglets' vitality in the first hours of life and also to their immunity development. An exceptionally large number of growing fetuses in HPS leads to intrauterine crowding and consequently to an increased number of piglets suffering from intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), which put piglets at a high risk of mortality after birth and up to later stages of life. Increased heterogeneity of birth weight within large litters increases the competition for colostrum intake, with the smaller piglets being less competitive and vital, and therefore affecting negatively their immunity. Low birth weight, long interval to reach the udder, and long duration of farrowing, all have negative effects on piglets' immunoglobulin absorption. In HPS litters, colostrum management should be focused on low birth weight piglets, anticipating their impaired capabilities associated with ingesting adequate colostrum, by shortening the time to reach the udder and reducing competition among piglets. The vitality of neonate piglets, especially low in birth weight or affected by IUGR should be enhanced to improve their body temperature and their early life stage energy metabolism.

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Artificial rearing influences the morphology, permeability and redox state of the gastrointestinal tract of low and normal birth weight piglets

Cited by 15 publications

References 76 publications

Changes of the glutathione redox system during the weaning transition in piglets, in relation to small intestinal morphology and barrier function

Changes of the glutathione redox system during the weaning transition in piglets, in relation to small intestinal morphology and barrier function

Excess Dietary Zinc Intake in Neonatal Mice Causes Oxidative Stress and Alters Intestinal Host–Microbe Interactions

Offspring of hyper prolific sows: Immunity, birthweight, and heterogeneous litters

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