Artificial photosynthesis: semiconductor photocatalytic fixation of CO2 to afford higher organic compounds

Hoffmann, Michael R.; Moss, John A.; Baum, Marc M.

doi:10.1039/c0dt01777a

Cited by 139 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Since this time, research has largely focused on the exploration and development of new semiconductor photocatalysts (23), modifications of the semiconductor catalyst in the form of added cocatalysts, e.g., Ni, Cu, Ag, and Pt (23)(24)(25), new methods to nanostructure the catalyst (26), and the coupling of molecular dyes and cocatalysts with the heterogeneous catalyst (27,28). Whereas these advances have led to improvements in catalytic efficiency and quantum yields, little progress has been realized in extending the selectivity of the reaction to favor the more desirable, higher carbon number liquid hydrocarbons (29). Although reports of trace amounts of products, such as ethane, ethanol, acetic acid, propanol, and butanol, are not unknown (30)(31)(32)(33)(34), they are the exception and frequently the underlying cause for their generation is unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Solar photothermochemical alkane reverse combustion

Chanmanee

Islam

Dennis

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A one-step, gas-phase photothermocatalytic process for the synthesis of hydrocarbons, including liquid alkanes, aromatics, and oxygenates, with carbon numbers (Cn) up to C13, from CO2 and water is demonstrated in a flow photoreactor operating at elevated temperatures (180–200 °C) and pressures (1–6 bar) using a 5% cobalt on TiO2 catalyst and under UV irradiation. A parametric study of temperature, pressure, and partial pressure ratio revealed that temperatures in excess of 160 °C are needed to obtain the higher Cn products in quantity and that the product distribution shifts toward higher Cn products with increasing pressure. In the best run so far, over 13% by mass of the products were C5+ hydrocarbons and some of these, i.e., octane, are drop-in replacements for existing liquid hydrocarbons fuels. Dioxygen was detected in yields ranging between 64% and 150%. In principle, this tandem photochemical–thermochemical process, fitted with a photocatalyst better matched to the solar spectrum, could provide a cheap and direct method to produce liquid hydrocarbons from CO2 and water via a solar process which uses concentrated sunlight for both photochemical excitation to generate high-energy intermediates and heat to drive important thermochemical carbon-chain-forming reactions.

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confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Solar photothermochemical alkane reverse combustion

Chanmanee

Islam

Dennis

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Among various methods, the photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 with H 2 O is regarded as one of the most promising and yet challenging approaches 148, 149, 150…”

Section: Applications Of the Photochemical Activity Of Nanoporous Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Perspectives of the Photochemical Activity of Nanoporous Carbons

Bandosz

Ania

2018

Advanced Science

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Even though, owing to the complexity of nanoporous carbons' structure and chemistry, the origin of their photoactivity is not yet fully understood, the recent works addressed here clearly show the ability of these materials to absorb light and convert the photogenerated charge carriers into chemical reactions. In many aspects, nanoporous carbons are similar to graphene; their pores are built of distorted graphene layers and defects that arise from their amorphicity and reactivity. As in graphene, the photoactivity of nanoporous carbons is linked to their semiconducting, optical, and electronic properties, defined by the composition and structural defects in the distorted graphene layers that facilitate the exciton splitting and charge separation, minimizing surface recombination. The tight confinement in the nanopores is critical to avoid surface charge recombination and to obtain high photochemical quantum yields. The results obtained so far, although the field is still in its infancy, leave no doubts on the possibilities of applying photochemistry in the confined space of carbon pores in various strategic disciplines such as degradation of pollutants, solar water splitting, or CO2 mitigation. Perhaps the future of photovoltaics and smart‐self‐cleaning or photocorrosion coatings is in exploring the use of nanoporous carbons.

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“…For example, TiO 2 -supported Ru nanoparticles are a very promising catalysts for CO 2 methanation (Abe et al, 2009). CO 2 reduction may also be achieved photochemically and/or electrochemically either with H 2 or with H 2 O (Roy et al, 2010;Hoffmann et al, 2011;Habisreutinger et al, 2013;Ganesh, 2014;Jadhav et al, 2014;Puga, 2016). The photochemical reduction is also called "energy-to-power" (P2G) technology or even "artificial photosynthesis" in which H 2 produced via a solardriven water splitting system by means of electrolysis can drive CO 2 hydrogenation to yield biomethane or liquid biofuels.…”

Section: Advanced Biogas Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas Management: Advanced Utilization for Production of Renewable Energy and Added-value Chemicals

Yentekakis

Goula

2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

103

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Biogas is widely available as a product of anaerobic digestion of urban, industrial, animal and agricultural wastes. Its indigenous local-base production offers the promise of a dispersed renewable energy source that can significantly contribute to regional economic growth. Biogas composition typically consists of 35-75% methane, 25-65% carbon dioxide, 1-5% hydrogen along with minor quantities of water vapor, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and halides. Current utilization for heating and lighting is inefficient and polluting, and, in the case of poor quality biogas (CH 4 /CO 2 < 1), exacerbated by detrimental venting to the atmosphere. Accordingly, innovative and efficient strategies for improving the management and utilization of biogas for the production of sustainable electrical power or high added-value chemicals are highly desirable. Utilization is the focus of the present review in which the scientific and technological basis underlying alternative routes to the efficient and eco-friendly exploitation of biogas are described and discussed. After concisely reviewing state-of-the-art purification and upgrading methods, in-depth consideration is given to the exploitation of biogas in the renewable energy, liquid fuels, transport and chemicals sectors along with an account of potential impediments to further progress.Keywords: biogas, upgrading, purification, utilization, SOFC, ethylene, reforming, siloxanes BIOGAS Efficient management of ever-increasing amounts of municipal, industrial and agricultural wastes in order to minimize their environmental impact is an urgent necessity. Biological treatment of wastes, which can be carried out either aerobically or anaerobically, is widely applied in this area. Due to their several advantages the anaerobic processes are to be preferred because they require considerably smaller installations, produce less sludge, operate at lower temperatures and are suited to periodic operation. Much more importantly, they generate biogas, which is an attractive potential source of renewable energy and/or added-value chemicals due to its high content of methane and CO 2 . Anaerobic digestion (AD) can proceed over a wide temperature range, from phychrophilic (ca. 10-20 • C) and mesophilic (ca. 20-45 • C) up to thermophilic (ca. 45-65 • C) and hyperthermophilic (ca. ∼70 • C) levels, by means of cooperation between anaerobes and facultative anaerobe microorganisms, which successively promote a sequence of hydrolysis-acidogenesis,

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Artificial photosynthesis: semiconductor photocatalytic fixation of CO2 to afford higher organic compounds

Cited by 139 publications

References 76 publications

RETRACTED: Solar photothermochemical alkane reverse combustion

RETRACTED: Solar photothermochemical alkane reverse combustion

Origin and Perspectives of the Photochemical Activity of Nanoporous Carbons

Biogas Management: Advanced Utilization for Production of Renewable Energy and Added-value Chemicals

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