Artificial Oxygen Carriers as Red Blood Cell Substitutes: A Selected Review and Current Status

Kim, Hae Won; Greenburg, A. Gerson

doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2004.07345.x

Cited by 135 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Especially, perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) has been employed to construct PFOB nanoliposomes because PFOB is the main component of oxygen carrier, a second generation of perfluorocarbon (PFC)‐based blood substitute, showing great capacity of oxygen dissolving/delivery and excellent medium to prolong the ROS lifetime 18. Based on the similar oxygen storage and delivery capability of PFOB‐based nanoliposomes as compared to red blood cells (RBCs) for oxygen transportation, these PFOB‐based nanoliposomes act as the “Nano‐RBCs” for delivering oxygen into tumor tissue and subsequently amplifying the PDT efficacy 19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondria‐Targeted Artificial “Nano‐RBCs” for Amplified Synergistic Cancer Phototherapy by a Single NIR Irradiation

et al. 2018

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Phototherapy has emerged as a novel therapeutic modality for cancer treatment, but its low therapeutic efficacy severely hinders further extensive clinical translation and application. This study reports amplifying the phototherapeutic efficacy by constructing a near‐infrared (NIR)‐responsive multifunctional nanoplatform for synergistic cancer phototherapy by a single NIR irradiation, which can concurrently achieve mitochondria‐targeting phototherapy, synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT), self‐sufficient oxygen‐augmented PDT, and multiple‐imaging guidance/monitoring. Perfluorooctyl bromide based nanoliposomes are constructed for oxygen delivery into tumors, performing the functions of red blood cells (RBCs) for oxygen delivery (“Nano‐RBC” nanosystem), which can alleviate the tumor hypoxia and enhance the PDT efficacy. The mitochondria‐targeting performance for enhanced and synergistic PDT/PTT is demonstrated as assisted by nanoliposomes. In particular, these “Nano‐RBCs” can also act as the contrast agents for concurrent computed tomography, photoacoustic, and fluorescence multiple imaging, providing the potential imaging capability for phototherapeutic guidance and monitoring. This provides a novel strategy to achieve high therapeutic efficacy of phototherapy by the rational design of multifunctional nanoplatforms with the unique performances of mitochondria targeting, synergistic PDT/PTT by a single NIR irradiation (808 nm), self‐sufficient oxygen‐augmented PDT, and multiple‐imaging guidance/monitoring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondria‐Targeted Artificial “Nano‐RBCs” for Amplified Synergistic Cancer Phototherapy by a Single NIR Irradiation

et al. 2018

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“…A potential candidate is hemoglobin encapsulated within phospholipid vesicles that are a few hundreds of nanometers in diameter (51)(52)(53)(54)(55). The vesicles are large enough to avoid extravasation into the endothelium and could potentially be affected by the radial pressure gradient within blood vessels so that NO consumption would be limited.…”

Section: Hemoglobin (Hb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Slower Nitric Oxide Uptake by Red Blood Cells and Other Hemoglobin-containing Vesicles

Azarov

Liu

Reynolds

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a smooth muscle relaxation factor and plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. NO is scavenged rapidly by hemoglobin (Hb). However, under normal physiological conditions, the encapsulation of Hb inside red blood cells (RBCs) significantly retards NO scavenging, permitting NO to reach the smooth muscle. The rate-limiting factors (diffusion of NO to the RBC surface, through the RBC membrane or inside of the RBC) responsible for this retardation have been the subject of much debate. Knowing the relative contribution of each of these factors is important for several reasons including optimization of the development of blood substitutes where Hb is contained within phospholipid vesicles. We have thus performed experiments of NO uptake by erythrocytes and microparticles derived from erythrocytes and conducted simulations of these data as well as that of others. We have included extracellular diffusion (that is, diffusion of the NO to the membrane) and membrane permeability, in addition to intracellular diffusion of NO, in our computational models. We find that all these mechanisms may modulate NO uptake by membrane-encapsulated Hb and that extracellular diffusion is the main ratelimiting factor for phospholipid vesicles and erythrocytes. In the case of red cell microparticles, we find a major role for membrane permeability. These results are consistent with prior studies indicating that extracellular diffusion of several gas ligands is also rate-limiting for erythrocytes, with some contribution of a low membrane permeability. Hemoglobin (Hb)2 encapsulated within red blood cells scavenges NO at a significantly slower rate than hemoglobin that is freely dissolved within blood plasma (cell-free Hb) (1-4). A similar effect is observed for the uptake of oxygen (5-7). This reduction in the scavenging rate allows NO that is produced in the endothelial cells within the walls of blood vessels to diffuse to the smooth muscle in sufficient concentrations to activate soluble guanylate cyclase (8 -12), which would not be possible otherwise (13). NO thus effectively functions as a smooth muscle relaxant under normal physiological conditions. The reasons for the reduction of the rate of NO scavenging by red cell-encapsulated versus cell-free Hb have been extensively investigated and yet this remains a debated subject. The difference in the scavenging rates has been attributed to four possible factors: 1) a red blood cell (RBC)-free zone adjacent to the endothelium due to the velocity gradient in laminar flow (2-4), 2) NO uptake being rate-limited by diffusion of NO to the RBC, which contributes to the phenomenon of an unstirred layer around the RBC (1, 6, 14 -16), 3) an intrinsic, physical RBC membrane barrier to NO diffusion (14,(17)(18)(19)(20), and 4) NO uptake being rate-limited by diffusion of NO within the RBC (intracellular diffusion) (17, 21). Although there is no disagreement about the effect of the RBC-free zone along the endothelium on reducing NO reaction rates with red cell hem...

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“…Administration of tranexamic acid, an inhibitor of [48] plasminogen and fibrinolysis, has been found to reduce morbidity and mortality in trauma and surgical…”

Section: Tranexamic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Developments in Transfusion Replacements and Patient Blood Management

Yang

Kim

2017

KJBT

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Blood transfusions were once believed to the most potent and cost-effective method of improving patients' survival outcomes, but accumulating evidence over the past thirty years strongly suggests allogeneic transfusions as independent prognosticators of complications, prolonged hospital stay, and higher costs. A growing body of health care providers in Korea and throughout the world recognize a causal relationship between these adverse outcomes with liberal transfusion policies and call for a universal paradigm shift regarding the management of blood. Currently, the most promising contender is Patient Blood Management (PBM), which has been found to improve patient outcomes by conserving or optimizing the patient's own blood and physiologic reserves and advocating for restrictive transfusion policies. PBM incorporates evidence-based transfusion replacements to address anemia, bleeding, and blood disorders. These various methods-such as intravenous iron, erythropoiesis stimulating agents, coagulating factors, and topical hemostatic agents-are gaining recognition because of their ability to preclude the need for allogenic transfusions while effectively managing the patient's blood. (Korean J Blood Transfus 2017;28:103-112)

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Artificial Oxygen Carriers as Red Blood Cell Substitutes: A Selected Review and Current Status

Cited by 135 publications

References 83 publications

Mitochondria‐Targeted Artificial “Nano‐RBCs” for Amplified Synergistic Cancer Phototherapy by a Single NIR Irradiation

Mitochondria‐Targeted Artificial “Nano‐RBCs” for Amplified Synergistic Cancer Phototherapy by a Single NIR Irradiation

Mechanisms of Slower Nitric Oxide Uptake by Red Blood Cells and Other Hemoglobin-containing Vesicles

The Global Developments in Transfusion Replacements and Patient Blood Management

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