Artificial muscles for a novel simulator in minimally invasive spine surgery

Abstract

Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are commonly used minimally invasive methods to treat vertebral compression fractures. Novice surgeons gather surgical skills in different ways, mainly by "learning by doing" or training on models, specimens or simulators. Currently, a new training modality, an augmented reality simulator for minimally invasive spine surgeries, is going to be developed. An important step in investigating this simulator is the accurate establishment of artificial tissues. Especially vertebrae and muscles, reproducing a comparable haptical feedback during tool insertion, are necessary. Two artificial tissues were developed to imitate natural muscle tissue. The axial insertion force was used as validation parameter. It appropriates the mechanical properties of artificial and natural muscles. Validation was performed on insertion measurement data from fifteen artificial muscle tissues compared to human muscles measurement data. Based on the resulting forces during needle insertion into human muscles, a suitable material composition for manufacturing artificial muscles was found.

Tissue mimicking materials for imaging and therapy phantoms: a review

“…However, the friction between surgical tools and silicone is very high. Therefore, mineral oil (Wang et al 2014) or silicone oil (Hollensteiner et al 2014) was added to reduce the coefficient of friction for TMM silicone. As much as 40 wt% of mineral oil was used in order to match the needle insertion forces and tissue elastic modulus (Wang et al 2014).…”

Modification of gelatin and photocured 3D‐printed resin to prepare biomimetic phantoms for ultrasound‐guided minimally invasive surgeries

“…The insertion force was caused by the rupture force in needle piercing and the frictional stress occurring along with the insertion depth of the needle inside the tissue, making the force highly correlated with the insertion speed, direction, needle size and geometry, and tissue and needle types. [55] Thus, these were compared with studies with similar experimental conditions, exhibiting axial insertion forces of 1.6 N [56] and 1.72 N [57] into human muscle tissues. In Figure 6, the gelatin phantom showed a maximum insertion force of 0.99 N. This increased to 1.37 N and 1.47 N with FA and GA crosslinking, respectively.…”

Simulation in Upper and Lower Limb Trauma Skill Acquisition

“…In this review, 11 of the studies described full-task trainers 35,38,40,55,65,66,68,70,[72][73][74][75] and 52 described a parttask trainer who focused on a particular part of the procedure. 36,37,39,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]67,69,71,73 Type of Simulators Of the 63 articles selected, 49 describe a synthetic physical simulator [13][14][15][17][18][19][20][21]…”

“…Thirty-four simulators needed to be replaced fully before reuse. [13][14][15]17,18,[21][22][23][24]26,27,29,30,32,33,[35][36][37][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]53,54,56,59,[61][62][63] Fifteen studies described the cost of the simulator. 13,19,23,30,[39][40][41]46,47,50,59,61,63,66,67,70 Skin pad ranged from US $0.4 to $10.…”