Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Cognitive Computing: What Do These Terms Mean and How Will They Impact Health Care?

Bini, Stefano A.

doi:10.1016/j.arth.2018.02.067

Cited by 410 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This was evidenced in the recent case of COVID-19, taking only seven days for detection. In particular, advancements in computing capacity brought about by the emergence and widespread employment of such technologies like AI [18], machine learning, Big Data [19,20], and Cloud Computing have allowed massive amounts of data from various sources to be captured and analyzed in real-time and from them insightful predictions are being made. Advancements in AI-based infectious disease-surveillance algorithms and their use to aid early infectious disease detection is further noted in Figure 1 below, where a comparison between the detection time of previous infectious disease outbreaks in the past 20 years, as reported by the WHO, reveals a trend where AI-based tools have gained in efficiency.…”

Section: A Brief Survey On Infectious Disease Outbreak In a 20-year Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Provided Early Detection of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) in China and Will Influence Future Urban Health Policy Internationally

2020

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Predictive computing tools are increasingly being used and have demonstrated successfulness in providing insights that can lead to better health policy and management. However, as these technologies are still in their infancy stages, slow progress is being made in their adoption for serious consideration at national and international policy levels. However, a recent case evidences that the precision of Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven algorithms are gaining in accuracy. AI modelling driven by companies such as BlueDot and Metabiota anticipated the Coronavirus (COVID-19) in China before it caught the world by surprise in late 2019 by both scouting its impact and its spread. From a survey of past viral outbreaks over the last 20 years, this paper explores how early viral detection will reduce in time as computing technology is enhanced and as more data communication and libraries are ensured between varying data information systems. For this enhanced data sharing activity to take place, it is noted that efficient data protocols have to be enforced to ensure that data is shared across networks and systems while ensuring privacy and preventing oversight, especially in the case of medical data. This will render enhanced AI predictive tools which will influence future urban health policy internationally.

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Section: A Brief Survey On Infectious Disease Outbreak In a 20-year Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Provided Early Detection of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) in China and Will Influence Future Urban Health Policy Internationally

2020

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“…According to McCarthy et al (2006, 12), mimicking the human mind is possible since "(…) every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it." This implies that AI relies on the availability of data to learn from (Bini 2018).…”

Section: Artificial Intelligence: the Imitation Of Intelligent Human mentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence in Purchasing: Facilitating Mechanism Design-based Negotiations

Schulze-Horn

Hueren

Scheffler

et al. 2020

Applied Artificial Intelligence

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Negotiations are central to reach consensus between supply chain partners while, simultaneously, meeting internal cost and quality targets. Purchasing prices can be improved by inducing competition in the supply base. In this context, the application of mechanism design theory in negotiations gained enhanced attention. While such approaches can result in high cost reductions, mechanism design-based negotiations are very complex. The paper aims at answering the question whether artificial intelligence (AI) can facilitate the execution of mechanism design-based negotiations. To this end, a World Café has been conducted at an automotive original equipment manufacturer. A group of 20 experts from the fields of purchasing and AI discussed the potentials of AI for the purchasing function. The results indicate that the application of AI can indeed facilitate the execution of mechanism design-based negotiations and help overcoming bounded rationality problems. Even more, AI might be a game changer for the purchasing function. Introduction: Could Artificial Intelligence Support the Design and Execution of Complex Negotiations? Artificial intelligence (AI) is considered to be one of the pacemaker technologies of the 4 th industrial revolution (Monostori 2014). With AI's promise to simulate human-like behavior (Russell and Norvig 2010), it could conceptionally be imagined to support complex problems like negotiations. Given the importance of business-to-business negotiations, previous research has focused on various influencing factors in the negotiation process as well as their outcomes. However, literature concentrating on how negotiations are executed remains scarce (Geiger 2017). Recent studies have tried to take up on this gap by addressing buying organizations' application of mechanism design theory in negotiations (e.g Huang et al. 2013; Schulze-Horn et al. in press). Mechanism design theory represents the inverse of game theory: the development and implementation of economic incentivesso-called mechanismscan lead to the achievement of desired objectives (Nisan

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“…Several companies are exploring the potential of AI in health care and are developing wearable sensors—Fitbit, Xiaomi Mi Band, and Apple Watch, for example—to collect data about users' health and share it with their doctors to identify latent medical problems (Bini, ; Chan, Estève, Fourniols, Escriba, & Campo, ). Several health‐care start‐ups in India are working along the same lines.…”

Section: What Of the Future?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivering high‐tech, AI‐based health care at Apollo Hospitals

Agarwal¹,

Jain²,

Sinha³

et al. 2019

Glob Bus Org Exc

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Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Cognitive Computing: What Do These Terms Mean and How Will They Impact Health Care?

Cited by 410 publications

References 8 publications

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Provided Early Detection of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) in China and Will Influence Future Urban Health Policy Internationally

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Provided Early Detection of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) in China and Will Influence Future Urban Health Policy Internationally

Artificial Intelligence in Purchasing: Facilitating Mechanism Design-based Negotiations

Delivering high‐tech, AI‐based health care at Apollo Hospitals

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