Artificial Intelligence in the Advanced Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer-Comprehensive Literature Review and Future Advancement

Ferro, Matteo; Falagario, Ugo Giovanni; Barone, Biagio; Maggi, Martina; Crocetto, Felice; Busetto, Gian Maria; Giudice, Francesco Del; Terracciano, Daniela; Lucarelli, Giuseppe; Lasorsa, Francesco; Catellani, Michele; Brescia, A.; Mistretta, Francesco A.; Luzzago, Stefano; Piccinelli, Mattia Luca; Vartolomei, Mihai Dorin; Jereczek‐Fossa, Barbara Alicja; Musi, Gennaro; Montanari, Emanuele; Cobelli, O. De; Tătaru, Octavian Sabin

doi:10.3390/diagnostics13132308

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…[ 3 ]. In recent years, AI-based bladder cancer screening and diagnosis has been widely studied [ 4 ]. As the fifth most common cancer in the United States, 83,190 new cases of BC and up to 16,840 deaths are expected in 2024 [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpressed KCNK1 regulates potassium channels affecting molecular mechanisms and biological pathways in bladder cancer

Zhang,

Chen,

Wei

et al. 2024

Eur J Med Res

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Background This study aimed to explore the expression, molecular mechanism and its biological function of potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 1 (KCNK1) in bladder cancer (BC). Methods We integrated large numbers of external samples (n = 1486) to assess KCNK1 mRNA expression levels and collected in-house samples (n = 245) for immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments to validate at the KCNK1 protein level. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was performed to further assess KCNK1 expression and cellular communication. The transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of KCNK1 expression were explored by ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq and ChIA-PET data. Highly expressed co-expressed genes (HECEGs) of KCNK1 were used to explore potential signalling pathways. Furthermore, the immunoassay, clinical significance and molecular docking of KCNK1 were calculated. Results KCNK1 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in BC (SMD = 0.58, 95% CI [0.05; 1.11]), validated at the protein level (p < 0.0001). Upregulated KCNK1 mRNA exhibited highly distinguishing ability between BC and control samples (AUC = 0.82 [0.78–0.85]). Further, scRNA-seq analysis revealed that KCNK1 expression was predominantly clustered in BC epithelial cells and tended to increase with cellular differentiation. BC epithelial cells were involved in cellular communication mainly through the MK signalling pathway. Secondly, the KCNK1 transcription start site (TSS) showed promoter-enhancer interactions in three-dimensional space, while being transcriptionally regulated by GRHL2 and FOXA1. Most of the KCNK1 HECEGs were enriched in cell cycle–related signalling pathways. KCNK1 was mainly involved in cellular metabolism–related pathways and regulated cell membrane potassium channel activity. KCNK1 expression was associated with the level of infiltration of various immune cells. Immunotherapy and chemotherapy (docetaxel, paclitaxel and vinblastine) were more effective in BC patients in the high KCNK1 expression group. KCNK1 expression correlated with age, pathology grade and pathologic_M in BC patients. Conclusions KCNK1 was significantly overexpressed in BC. A complex and sophisticated three-dimensional spatial transcriptional regulatory network existed in the KCNK1 TSS and promoted the upregulated of KCNK1 expression. The high expression of KCNK1 might be involved in the cell cycle, cellular metabolism, and tumour microenvironment through the regulation of potassium channels, and ultimately contributed to the deterioration of BC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpressed KCNK1 regulates potassium channels affecting molecular mechanisms and biological pathways in bladder cancer

Zhang,

Chen,

Wei

et al. 2024

Eur J Med Res

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“…However, challenges such as regulatory approvals, the interpretability of machine learning models, and patient acceptance hinder its widespread clinical application. Addressing these limitations through prospective studies, regulatory clarity, and patient education is essential to fully harness the potential of AI in bladder cancer diagnosis and management [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Darunavir, Rilpivirine and Etravirine as Potential Therapies for Bladder Cancer: Efficacy and Synergistic Effects

Pereira,

Vale

2024

Biomedicines

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This research explores the therapeutic efficacy of Darunavir (DRV), Rilpivirine (RPV), and Etravirine (ETV) against UM-UC-5 bladder cancer cells, addressing the critical need for innovative treatments in bladder cancer research. Through a comprehensive assessment of their individual and combined effects across diverse time intervals, ETV emerges as the most potent drug, with a lowest IC50 of 5.9 µM, closely followed by RPV (lowest IC50 of 9.6 µM), while DRV exhibits the least effectiveness (lowest IC50 of 25.6 µM). Notably, a significant synergistic effect is evident in the ETV and RPV combination, especially at 48 and 72 h for low concentrations. Synergies are also observed with ETV and DRV, albeit to a lesser extent and primarily at 48 h. Conversely, the DRV and RPV combination yields minimal effects, predominantly additive in nature. In summary, this pre-clinical investigation underscores the promising therapeutic potential of ETV and RPV, both as standalone treatments and in combination, hinting at repurposing opportunities in bladder cancer therapy, which could give a new treatment method for this disease that is faster and without as severe side effects as anticancer drugs. These findings represent a substantial stride in advancing personalized medicine within cancer research and will be further scrutinized in forthcoming studies.

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“…UC is a heterogeneous malignancy and has a different clinical course depending on its histopathology and location [ 3 , 4 , 16 ]. In order to improve the assessment of the disease risk and prediction of the treatment response and prognosis, physicians have been focusing on advanced technologies such as genomic evaluation or artificial intelligence and gaining insights into a comprehensive cancer landscape [ 17 ]. Recently, the rapid development of NGS technology has allowed researchers to obtain comprehensive genetic information on cancer by leveraging genomic data based on NGS analysis [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FGFR3 Mutations in Urothelial Carcinoma: A Single-Center Study Using Next-Generation Sequencing

Yu,

Kim,

Kim

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: Mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) are associated with urothelial carcinoma (UC) oncogenesis and are considered an important therapeutic target. Therefore, we evaluated the FGFR3 mutation rate and its clinical significance in urothelial carcinoma (UC) using next-generation sequencing. Methods: A total of 123 patients with UC who were treated at Chonnam National University Hospital (Gwang-ju, Korea) from January 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled. We performed NGS using the Oncomine panel with tumor specimens and blood samples corresponding to each specimen. We analyzed the FGFR3 mutation results according to the type of UC and the effects on early recurrence and progression. Results: The mean age of the patients was 71.39 ± 9.33 years, and 103 patients (83.7%) were male. Overall, the FGFR3 mutation rate was 30.1% (37 patients). The FGFR3 mutation rate was the highest in the non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) group (45.1%), followed by the muscle-invasive bladder cancer (22.7%) and upper tract UC (UTUC) (14.3%) groups. Patients with FGFR3 mutations had a significantly lower disease stage (p = 0.019) but a high-risk of NMIBC (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results revealed that FGFR3 mutations were more prevalent in patients with NMIBC and lower stage UC and associated with a high-risk of NMIBC. Large multicenter studies are needed to clarify the clinical significance of FGFR3 mutations in UC.

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Artificial Intelligence in the Advanced Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer-Comprehensive Literature Review and Future Advancement

Cited by 17 publications

References 101 publications

Overexpressed KCNK1 regulates potassium channels affecting molecular mechanisms and biological pathways in bladder cancer

Overexpressed KCNK1 regulates potassium channels affecting molecular mechanisms and biological pathways in bladder cancer

Exploring Darunavir, Rilpivirine and Etravirine as Potential Therapies for Bladder Cancer: Efficacy and Synergistic Effects

FGFR3 Mutations in Urothelial Carcinoma: A Single-Center Study Using Next-Generation Sequencing

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