Artificial Intelligence in Pharmacy

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) focuses in producing intelligent modelling, which helps in imagining knowledge, cracking problems and decision making. Recently, AI plays an important role in various fields of pharmacy like drug discovery, drug delivery formulation development, polypharmacology, hospital pharmacy, etc. In drug discovery and drug delivery formulation development, various Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) like Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) or Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are being employed. Several implementations of drug discovery have currently been analysed and supported the power of the technology in quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) or quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). In addition, de novo design promotes the invention of significantly newer drug molecules with regard to desired/optimal qualities. In the current review article, the uses of AI in pharmacy, especially in drug discovery, drug delivery formulation development, polypharmacology and hospital pharmacy are discussed.

Knowledge, attitude and practice among pharmacy students and faculty members towards artificial intelligence in pharmacy practice: A multinational cross-sectional study

“…The questionnaire was developed based on the objectives of the study and through a review of the literature [8,14,15,30]. It underwent content validity testing by a pharmacy faculty member with expertise in pharmacy practice research and questionnaire development.…”

“…These outcomes may be reached by establishing solid pharmacy practice standards and good technological knowledge in order to deliver the best pharmaceutical care services for patients [12,13]. In order to successfully interact with data scientists to construct models that will enhance patient care, pharmacists and academics will need to understand the language and procedures utilized in AI [14][15][16].…”

Ethical considerations and concerns in the implementation of AI in pharmacy practice: a cross-sectional study

“…This cross-sectional study employed a validated online questionnaire hosted on the Google Forms ® platform. Questionnaire items were developed for this study by H.E.H and D. J., with the assistance of experts in pharmacy practice research and based on a literature review [ 5 , 13 , 16 ]. The questionnaire was divided into two parts (Additional file 1 ).…”

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Pharmacy: An Overview of Innovations

“…AI is a stream of science related to intelligent machine learning, mainly intelligent computer programs, which provides results in a similar way to the human attention process [ 1 ] . This process generally comprises obtaining data, developing efficient systems for the uses of obtained data, illustrating definite or approximate conclusions, self-corrections, and adjustments [ 2 ] . In general, AI is used for analyzing machine learning to imitate the cognitive tasks of individuals [ 2 , 3 ] .…”

“…This process generally comprises obtaining data, developing efficient systems for the uses of obtained data, illustrating definite or approximate conclusions, self-corrections, and adjustments [ 2 ] . In general, AI is used for analyzing machine learning to imitate the cognitive tasks of individuals [ 2 , 3 ] . AI technology is exercised to perform more accurate analyses as well as to attain useful interpretation [ 3 ] .…”