Artificial intelligence in knee arthroplasty: current concept of the available clinical applications

Abstract

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the study of algorithms that allow machines to reason and perform cognitive functions such as problem-solving, objects, images, word recognition, and decision-making. This study aimed to review the published articles and the comprehensive clinical relevance of AI-based tools used before, during, and after knee arthroplasty. Methods The search was conducted through PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases from 2000 to 2021 using the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol (PRISMA). Results A total of 731 potential articles were reviewed, and 132 were included based on the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Some steps of the knee arthroplasty procedure were assisted and improved by using AI-based tools. Before surgery, machine learning was used to aid surgeons in optimizing decision-making. During surgery, the robotic-assisted systems improved the accuracy of knee alignment, implant positioning, and ligamentous balance. After surgery, remote patient monitoring platforms helped to capture patients’ functional data. Conclusion In knee arthroplasty, the AI-based tools improve the decision-making process, surgical planning, accuracy, and repeatability of surgical procedures.

Segmentation of polyps based on pyramid vision transformers and residual block for real-time endoscopy imaging

“… 31 Finally, the described method could prove useful in assessing chondral quality and deciding on clinical interventions such as patellar resurfacing during knee arthroplasty. 32 , 33 …”

Artificial intelligence in orthopaedic surgery

“…8,30,71 Limitations to AI in orthopaedics AI is associated with considerable capital costs and financial burden on healthcare systems, potentially impeding its widespread adoption. 1,65 Notwithstanding this, carefully designed cost-benefit analyses could delineate whether its utility in orthopaedics results in cost-effective interventions. [72][73][74] The risk of breaching patient confidentiality is inherent with large data sets, and therefore should be treated as a prominent ethical consideration.…”

Total Knee Arthroplasty in Valgus Knee

“…In recent years, the launch of new robotic platforms has caused great interest on the part of orthopedic surgeons. The use of robotic surgery in TKA improves the accuracy of knee alignment, implant positioning, and ligament balance, although it does not demonstrate superiority in clinical-functional outcome [32]. However, surgeons new to the robotics technique have been advised by more experienced ones to avoid valgus deformities at the beginning of the learning curve.…”