Artificial Intelligence in Cardiology and Atherosclerosis in the Context of Precision Medicine: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of death worldwide which makes it essential to better understand, diagnose, and treat atherosclerosis. Artificial intelligence (AI) and novel technological solutions offer us new possibilities and enable the practice of individually tailored medicine. The study was performed using the PRISMA protocol. As of January 10, 2023, the analysis has been based on a review of 457 identified articles in PubMed and MEDLINE databases. The search covered reviews, original articles, meta-analyses, comments, and editorials published in the years 2009–2023. In total, 123 articles met inclusion criteria. The results were divided into the subsections presented in the review (genome-wide association studies, radiomics, and other studies). This paper presents actual knowledge concerning atherosclerosis, in silico, and big data analyses in cardiology that affect the way medicine is practiced in order to create an individual approach and adjust the therapy of atherosclerosis.

Innovative E-Health Technologies for Cardiovascular Disease Treatment: A 2024 Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The outcomes assessed were blood pressure, cholesterol levels, medication adherence, cardiovascular events, and quality of life. 6), and big data analytics (5,8). The outcomes measured included diagnostic accuracy, disease prediction, patient management, medication adherence, cardiovascular events, and quality of life.…”

“…First, it included a comprehensive search of the literature across multiple databases, ensuring a wide range of studies were considered [20]. Second, it used a rigorous methodology to select studies and assess the risk of bias, utilizing tools like the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the GRADE approach [5,6,8]. Third, it conducted a meta-analysis for the main outcomes, providing a quantitative synthesis of the data [10,11,12].…”

“…This systematic review and meta-analysis found that innovative e-health technologies are effective in improving blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and medication adherence in adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or at risk of CVD. Interventions such as wearable devices, mobile health applications, and AI-driven feedback systems demonstrated significant improvements in these primary outcomes [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,28,30].…”

“…Interventions, particularly those involving wearable devices and mobile health technologies, showed significant reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. For instance, wearable devices demonstrated a mean difference in systolic blood pressure reduction of -5.7 mmHg (95% CI: -7.3 to -4.1) [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,28,30].…”

“…Remote patient monitoring involves systems and devices that allow continuous monitoring of patients' cardiovascular health metrics, such as blood pressure and heart rate, from a distance (9). Mobile health (mHealth) applications are smartphone applications designed for managing cardiovascular health, providing medication reminders, lifestyle tracking, and real-time health data to both patients and healthcare providers (8). Wearable devices, such as smartwatches, fitness trackers, and wearable ECG monitors, track and report cardiovascular health metrics (11).…”