“…To address this issue, machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged as a promising alternative for optimizing waveguide designs. In fact, ML techniques have been successfully applied to other photonic applications such as sensors, 15,16 the design of optical couplers, 17 microresonators, 18 hollow-core anti-resonant fibers, 19,20 prediction of the chromatic dispersion of PCFs, [21][22][23][24] cross-layer optimization of software-defined networks, 25 quality of transmission estimation, 25 design of nano-photonic structures, 26 and prediction of nonlinear phenomena in optical fibers. [27][28][29] For instance, Rodrigues-Esquerre et al 21 reported a multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neuronal network (ANN) to test and predict the chromatic dispersion of PCFs.…”