Artificial Intelligence-Based Portable Bioelectronics Platform for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis with Multi-nucleotide Probe Assay for Clinical Decisions

Abstract

In the context of the recent pandemic, the necessity of inexpensive and easily accessible rapid-test kits is well understood and need not be stressed further. In light of this, we report a multinucleotide probe-based diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 using a bioelectronics platform, comprising low-cost chemiresistive biochips, a portable electronic readout, and an Android application for data acquisition with machine-learning-based decision making. The platform performs the desired diagnosis from standard nasopharyngeal and/or oral swabs (both on extracted and non-extracted RNA samples) without amplifying the viral load. Being a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-free hybridization assay, the proposed approach offers inexpensive, fast (time-to-result: ≤ 30 min), and early diagnosis, as opposed to most of the existing SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis protocols recommended by the WHO. For the extracted RNA samples, the assay accounts for 87 and 95.2% test accuracies, using a heuristic approach and a machine-learning-based classification method, respectively. In case of the non-extracted RNA samples, 95.6% decision accuracy is achieved using the heuristic approach, with the machine-learning-based best-fit model producing 100% accuracy. Furthermore, the availability of the handheld readout and the Android application-based simple user interface facilitates easy accessibility and portable applications. Besides, by eliminating viral RNA extraction from samples as a pre-requisite for specific detection, the proposed approach presents itself as an ideal candidate for point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis.

Device-Physics Realization of ZnO–MWCNT Nanostructure-Based Field-Effect Biosensor for Ultrasensitive Simultaneous Genomic Detection of Foodborne Pathogens

“…These characteristics not only justify the applicability of the proposed mechanistic analysis but also provide experimental evidence considering both the n- and p-type semiconducting nanomaterials. Practically, the modulation of the surface potential profile for both types of the charge carrier would lead to opposing trends in their population and dynamics, ultimately leading to an opposite trend in biosensor’s responses. ,,, …”

“…Practically, the modulation of the surface potential profile for both types of the charge carrier would lead to opposing trends in their population and dynamics, ultimately leading to an opposite trend in biosensor's responses. 5,6,35,53 Calibration of the Biosensor Device. To evaluate the biosensor response against the target dose, a wide dynamic range from 1 fg/μL to 10 ng/μL is covered.…”

“…Particularly, they possess very high sensitivity toward the detection of bioanalytes with a similar length scale due to the synergetic effect and better loading of the bio recognition elements . Nevertheless, these nanomaterial-assisted biosensors have been explored for the successful detection of various viral infections, like dengue, malaria, and coronavirus; different protein-based disease identifications; , various bacteria detection, – environmentally susceptible small-molecule detection , etc. by many research groups including ours.…”

Big Data Analysis Technology for Artificial Intelligence Decision-Making Platform Construction and Application

“…In high-stakes decision-making, many human experts rely on the output of AI to form the final decision, forming human-machine teams. Research suggests that these human-machine teams may perform better than human-only or AI-only teams, and that in order to achieve this, humans must have a moderately calibrated level of trust; otherwise, the AI's trust level will be mist-calibrated and the humanmachine team will not perform as well as the human decision alone [20]. For trust calibration, some researchers have suggested the need for trust calibration that understands the capabilities of the system and the reliability of the system output.…”

Facile and Unplugged Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor with NIR-Emitting Perovskite Nanocomposites for Fast Detection of SARS-CoV-2

“…Recently, advanced nucleic acid amplification techniques, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat and loop-mediated isothermal amplification, have been considered and developed as suitable options for field-deployable diagnostic platforms because they do not need a complex apparatus and rapid assay times. ,− While these platforms typically exhibit high sensitivity and specificity for COVID-19 diagnosis, many require an additional step for virus RNA extraction. However, portable biosensing platforms must detect analytes in a label-free, direct, and simple manner for on-site use, as measuring analyte derivatives or using multiple reagents is difficult and impractical .…”