“…Features (such as special tissue or pathology) are extracted by several hidden layers following the input layer. The hidden layers work in hierarchy, so a hidden layer analyses the features extracted by the previous layer, with more layers allowing the extraction of more sophisticated features (Kaur and Khosla 2020). An important part of AI is data volume and due to the retinal imaging and functional data in ophthalmology comprising big datasets, there have been increasing interest in using AI for diagnostic and prediction in diseases such as glaucoma.…”