“…We also use a follow-up survey to assess the persistence of the treatment effects. We find no bouncing back of the perceptions among the treated respondents; see Section 4.4 for a more detailed discussion.8 This literature includes work on the labor-market effects of robot adoption(Dauth et al, 2021;Graetz and Michaels, 2018;Mann and Püttmann, 2018;Aghion et al, 2020;Acemoglu and Restrepo, 2020a;Koch et al, 2021;Humlum, 2019;Dixon et al, 2021;Hirvonen et al, 2022), cutting-edge 4.0 technologies including artificial intelligence(Genz et al, 2021;Acemoglu et al, 2022), automation expenditures of firms(Bessen et al, 2019) and computerization(Autor and Dorn, 2013;Gregory et al, 2022;Bessen et al, 2019) 9. Based on an extensive review of the literature and own empirical work using French data,Aghion et al (2022) find that automation has a positive effect on labor demand both at at the firm level and industry level.…”