Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer in Sheep

Shipley, Clifford F.; Buckrell, B.C.; Mylne, M. J. A.; Pollard, J.W.; Hunton, J. R.

doi:10.1016/b978-072169323-1.50089-1

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…22 Although a relatively high proportion of ram spermatozoa retain their motility after freezing, only about 20-30% remain biologically functional. 8 Salamon and Maxwell 8 observed that the freezing-thawing processes reduced motility to a lesser degree than structural integrity of ram spermatozoa, suggesting that the plasma and acrosome membranes are more vulnerable than the parts of the spermatozoon involved in locomotion (i.e., mid-piece and tail).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 However, a spermatozoon may be motile, but damaged, in which case it is unlikely that such a cell will fuse with the oocyte and fertilize it; damage can be ultrastructural, biochemical, and/or functional. 8 Frozen ram semen can be expected to result in conception rates of 65% when using laparoscopic intrauterine AI, 22 but the outcomes are highly variable depending on the animals' health status, inseminator's skills, and several other intrinsic and extrinsic factors. 32 In the present fertility trial, the ewes inseminated with ram semen prepared with NW exceeded their counterparts inseminated with semen diluted in DW in conception rates by 20%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The utility of nanowater for ram semen cryopreservation

Murawski

Schwarz

Grygier

et al. 2014

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Nanowater (NW; water declusterized in the low-temperature plasma reactor) has specific physicochemical properties that could increase semen viability after freezing and hence fertility after artificial insemination (AI) procedures. The main goal of this study was to evaluate ram semen quality after freezing in the media containing NW. Ejaculates from 10 rams were divided into two equal parts, diluted in a commercially available semen extender (Triladyl Õ ; MiniTü b GmbH, Tiefenbach, Germany) prepared with deionized water (DW) or NW, and then frozen in liquid nitrogen. Semen samples were examined for sperm motility and morphology using the sperm class analyzer system and light microscopy. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) was employed to determine the size of extracellular water crystals in frozen semen samples. Survival time at room temperature, aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations post-thawing as well as conception/lambing rates after laparoscopic intrauterine AI of 120 ewes were also determined. There were no significant differences between DW and NW groups in sperm progressive motility (26.4 AE 12.2 and 30.8 AE 12.4%) or survival time (266.6 AE 61.3 and 270.9 AE 76.7 min) after thawing and no differences in the percentages of spermatozoa with various morphological defects before or after freezing. There were, however, differences (P < 0.05) in AspAT (DW: 187.1 AE 160.4 vs. NW: 152.7 AE 118.3 U/l) and ALP concentrations (DW: 2198.3 AE 1810.5 vs. NW: 1612.1 AE 1144.8 U/l) in semen samples post-thawing. Extracellular water crystals were larger (P < 0.05) in ejaculates frozen in NW-containing media. Ultrasonographic examinations on day 40 post-AI revealed higher (P < 0.05) conception rates in ewes inseminated with NW (78.3%) compared with DW semen (58.3%), and the percentages of ewes that carried lambs to term were 73.3% and 45.0% in NW and DW groups, respectively (P < 0.01). In summary, the use of a semen extender prepared with NW was associated with a substantial improvement in the fertilizing ability of frozen-thawed ram semen and lamb productivity of inseminated ewes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The utility of nanowater for ram semen cryopreservation

Murawski

Schwarz

Grygier

et al. 2014

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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“…High variability in ovulation rate and the number of embryos recovered after superovulatory treatments in small ruminants can be attributed to the source and purity of gonadotropins and their application and to breed, age, nutrition, genetic variation, and ovarian status (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Ovarian response was assessed by determining the number of CL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variability in superovulation response can be attributed to extrinsic factors, such as the source and purity of gonadotropins and their application, and intrinsic factors, such as breed, age, nutrition, genetic variation, and ovarian status (11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated superovulation treatments in Kivircik ewes during breeding and nonbreeding seasons

Üstüner¹,

Alçay²,

Nak³

et al. 2014

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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IntroductionTurkey, which has a great number of endemic species, has an important share in the genetic resources of the earth (1). Kivircik, a sheep breed native to Turkey, has important social and economic value as genetic resources in livestock. Since 1991, the total number of sheep in Turkey has decreased dramatically. While in 1991 there were 39,000,000 head of sheep in Turkey, this number decreased to 25,000,000 in 2012 (2). Therefore, there is a need to develop strategies and methodologies to preserve and support the sustainability of native sheep breeds. Cryopreserved embryos might enable us to bring back sheep from a lost breed. Cryopreserving healthy germ cells and embryos may help to eradicate animal health problems and make use of specific genes in native breeds that might emerge in the future, as well (3,4). Developed countries have sought to preserve threatened breeds by offering financial incentives in the form of grants for the collection and cryopreservation of gametes and embryos (5).Superovulation is the most important step in the conservation of animal genetic resources via in vivo production. Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) can be applied to gain extra genetic yield through the production of embryos obtained from selected females and males (6).These programs in small ruminants are limited to the natural breeding season because small ruminants have seasonal cyclic activity patterns. In sheep, the breeding season lasts from August to November in temperate northern latitudes (7). Extending the application of these techniques outside of the breeding season would allow ewes involved in genetic improvement programs to undergo embryo recovery procedures throughout the year (8).However, conflicting results have been reported in studies designed to determine the effect of the season in MOET protocols. Some studies of superovulation application in ewes from high latitudes have reported seasonal differences in the rates of ovulation (9), fertilization, and embryo quality (8). Such differences are not present or are smaller in tropical and Mediterranean areas (10).

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“…Pregnancy rates using frozen semen deposited intra-uterine via laparoscopy have yielded higher pregnancy rates (60–80%) consistently when compared to vaginal and TCAI methods (10–12). In addition to higher pregnancy rates, it is possible to use lower concentrations of spermatozoa per breeding thus leading to more number of animals bred per ejaculate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination Technique in Small Ruminants—A Procedure Review

Sathe

2018

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Laparoscopic artificial insemination (LAI) is an intrauterine method of insemination, especially utilized in the small ruminant species to bypass their unique anatomically tortuous cervix. There are several advantages of LAI that include efficient use of processed semen leading to higher pregnancy rates. Success of LAI programs depends on proper implementation of estrus synchronization programs, patient selection and thorough knowledge of the reproductive physiology. In addition, proper equipment and surgical expertise help in reducing patient morbidity and mortality rates. LAI can be associated with several complications as a result of inadequate patient preparation, poor technique or equipment failure. Hence, a thorough planning is essential to carry out the procedure safely and with consistent success rates. Addition of LAI to a small ruminant/food animal practice can be quite profitable and professionally fulfilling, as long as an appropriate investment in equipment and adequate training of veterinarians and technical staff is implemented. Though the technique for performing LAI has been mentioned briefly through various research articles, this article serves as the first comprehensive review of the technique, equipment used, associated complications and useful practical tips that could serve as a guideline for clinicians interested in adding this service to their practice. The article also contains some novel research supported ideas to provide laparoscopic insufflation that have been recently developed.

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Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer in Sheep

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

The utility of nanowater for ram semen cryopreservation

The utility of nanowater for ram semen cryopreservation

Repeated superovulation treatments in Kivircik ewes during breeding and nonbreeding seasons

Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination Technique in Small Ruminants—A Procedure Review

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