Artificial incubation and hand‐rearing of 'Alala (<i>Corvus hawaiiensis</i>) eggs removed from the wild

Kuehler, Cyndi; Kuhn, M.; McLlraith, B.; Campbell, G.F.

doi:10.1002/zoo.1430130307

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Raising birds with a model puppet has been used in many captive propagation and reintroduction programs ( Cade & Fyfe 1977; Horwich 1989; Kuehler et al 1994). Our goal was to determine if puppet‐rearing affected behavior and if these changes in behavior affected the success of reintroduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Appropriateness of Puppet‐Rearing Birds for Reintroduction

Valutis

Marzluff

1999

Conservation Biology

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Captive propagation and reintroduction programs for rare and endangered species rarely include testing of techniques prior to initiation of recovery efforts. To experimentally test the effects of rearing social, altricial birds with or without a conspecific, parental model (a puppet), we used Common Ravens (Corvus corax) in southwestern Idaho as surrogates for the endangered Hawaiian Crow (Corvus hawaiiensis) and Mariana Crow (Corvus kubaryi). A puppet is believed to reduce sexual and filial imprinting on human caretakers. We raised 49 ravens without a puppet and 25 ravens with a puppet. We initiated puppet‐rearing when birds were 7 days of age and continued until 60 days of age, when nestlings could eat well on their own. The influence of puppet‐rearing was tested as part of a factorial design that also tested for the effects of conspecific tutoring and age at release. Rearing ravens with a puppet did not affect social behaviors prior to release, dispersal from the release area, or integration with wild birds after release. Ravens raised with a puppet, however, were more fearful of caretakers and more vigilant prior to release, characteristics that may have improved their chances for survival after release. It is important for researchers to consider the species and the desired pre‐ and post‐release behaviors to determine if rearing with a puppet is appropriate for their recovery efforts. These considerations can be taken into account by using a surrogate species prior to recovery efforts and creative management approaches in the initial phases of an endangered species recovery program.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Appropriateness of Puppet‐Rearing Birds for Reintroduction

Valutis

Marzluff

1999

Conservation Biology

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“…Twenty seven captive-raised 'Alala (Kuehler et al, 1994) were released in the South Kona region (155Њ86ЈE; 19Њ30ЈN) (Hawaii, Hawaii, USA) from 23 August 1993 through the present with the most recent release being on 5 January 1999. All birds were fitted with a backpack radiotransmitter (Advanced Telemetry Systems, Model 10-28, Isanti, Minnesota, USA) and tracked daily (Kuehler et al, 1995) in the early stages of the reintroduction period by The Peregrine Fund and U.S.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impression smears of spleen, lung and liver from Bird 5 were stained with a Romanowsky-type stain (Campbell, 1994), and also examined microscopically. Age of birds and time in wild was determined from dates of hatching and release (Kuehler, 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Toxoplasmosis in Free-Ranging Endangered ‘Alala From Hawaii

Work

Massey²,

Rideout³

et al. 2000

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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The 'Alala (Corvus hawaiiensis) is the most endangered corvid in the world, and intensive efforts are being made to reintroduce it to its former native range in Hawaii. We diagnosed Toxoplasma gondii infection in five free-ranging 'Alala. One 'Alala, recaptured from the wild because it was underweight and depressed, was treated with diclazuril (10 mg/kg) orally for 10 days. Antibodies were measured before and after treatment by the modified agglutination test (MAT) using whole T. gondii tachyzoites fixed in formalin and mercaptoethanol. The MAT titer decreased four-fold from an initial titer of 1:1,600 with remarkable improvement in physical condition. Lesions of toxoplasmosis also were seen in two partially scavenged carcasses and in a third fresh intact carcass. Toxoplasma gondii was confirmed immunohistochemically by using anti-T. gondii specific serum. The organism was also cultured by bioassay in mice from tissues of one of these birds and the brain of a fifth 'Alala that did not exhibit lesions. The life cycle of the parasite was experimentally completed in cats. This is the first record of toxoplasmosis in 'Alala, and the parasite appears to pose a significant threat and management challenge to reintroduction programs for 'Alala in Hawaii.

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“…From 1979 to 1991, only eight crow chicks were hatched from 33 unbroken, fertile eggs at the PESPF and OESPF facilities [Duckworth et al, 1992]. In 1993In , 1996In , and 1998 six additional birds were added to the captive population from wild eggs that were artificially incubated and hand reared [Kuehler et al, 1994]. The genetic relationship between the founders of the first captive chicks brought into captivity (from 1973 to 1981) and the founders of the second group of chicks from wild eggs (1993 and 1996) is unknown, but it is highly likely there are genetic limitations to the captive population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1996, because of the success attained in hatching and rearing Hawaiian crow chicks from wild eggs [Kuehler et al, 1994], the state of Hawaii and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) asked The Peregrine Fund (TPF) to take over the management of the captive crow population on Maui at the OESPF facility, which was renamed the Maui Bird Conservation Center (MBCC). That same year, TPF established a second facility, the Keauhou Bird Conservation Center (KBCC), on the island of Hawaii.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of early rearing experience on adult behavior and nesting in captive Hawaiian crows (Corvus hawaiiensis)

2002

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Behavioral data were collected during the breeding season on eight pairs of Hawaiian crows (Corvus hawaiiensis) housed at two facilities on different islands. All data were collected from videocamera time-lapse recordings of the nesting platforms. Behaviors included frequency of nest cup manipulation, percent of time spent on nest, allopreening, play, and stereotypy. The number of breeding pairs increased from four in 1996 to six in 1997, to seven in 1998, and to eight in 1999. Five of the older birds (three males and two females) were solitaryreared for most if not all of their first year, while the remaining 12 birds were all socially reared. Significant differences were found between isolate-and sociallyreared birds, with isolate-reared birds having higher rates of solo play (P = 0.0041) and stereotypies (P = 0.0090). Pairs that were comprised of at least one isolatereared bird engaged in significantly less allopreening (P = <0.0001) than pairs in which both birds were socially reared. From 1996 to 1999, 87 eggs were laid, with a mean of 1.88 ± 0.24 SEM eggs per clutch. Only three females produced clutches every year, and they were responsible for 85.1% of the eggs laid. Although not significant, the mean number of clutches produced per pair decreased from 2.50 ± 0.65 in 1996 to 0.87 ± 0.99 in 1999. Age of females does not appear to be a critical factor in the decrease in clutch production. New pairing combinations are under way in an effort to improve propagation in this highly endangered species. Zoo Biol 21: 59-75, 2002.

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Artificial incubation and hand‐rearing of 'Alala (Corvus hawaiiensis) eggs removed from the wild

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

The Appropriateness of Puppet‐Rearing Birds for Reintroduction

The Appropriateness of Puppet‐Rearing Birds for Reintroduction

Fatal Toxoplasmosis in Free-Ranging Endangered ‘Alala From Hawaii

Effects of early rearing experience on adult behavior and nesting in captive Hawaiian crows (Corvus hawaiiensis)

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