Artificial extracellular matrices composed of collagen I and high-sulfated hyaluronan promote phenotypic and functional modulation of human pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages

Solubilized extracellular matrix from brain and urinary bladder elicits distinct functional and phenotypic responses in macrophages

“…The detection kit utilized in this study cannot detect low molecular weight HA and it is possible that B-ECM did contain significant quantities of HA but at a lower molecular weight. This hypothesis could account for the inflammatory activity of B-ECM as low molecular weight HA has been shown to be inflammatory while high molecular weight has been shown to be anti-inflammatory [36,83,84]. Additional proteoglycans such as myelin, which is abundant in brain ECM, have also been shown to be inflammatory at low molecular weight [34,37].…”

Modulation of the inflammatory response to chitosan through M2 macrophage polarization using pro-resolution mediators

“…The development of approaches to modulate the inflammatory response may create a more permissive environment and enhance numerous applications within regenerative medicine [25,26].…”

“…Implants with immunomodulating capacities which promote the healing process by regulating macrophage responses are of interest for the design of novel functionalized biomaterials [25].…”

Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronan Activates Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α and Eicosanoid Production in Monocytes and Macrophages

“…Once the tumor is established and LMW HA is chronically overproduced, it can promote immunosuppressive M2-like tumor-associated macrophage development (104), potentially through PGE 2 and IL-10 signaling as observed in our model. It has also been shown that HA of different sulfation states (106) or covalently linked with the heavy chain 1 of inter-␣-trypsin inhibitor (HC-HA) promotes M2 macrophage polarization (107) and acts in an antiinflammatory manner.…”