Artificial dispersal of endangered epiphytic lichens: a tool for conservation in boreal forest landscapes

Lidén, Marlene; Pettersson, Magnus; Bergsten, Urban; Lundmark, Tomas

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2003.09.026

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A study by Lidén et al (2005) showed that new populations of arboreal lichens can be successfully established, and that existing lichen populations can be enlarged, by transplanting small fragments into suitable habitats. Furthermore, Roturier et al (2007) suggest that artificial dispersal of reindeer lichen on an appropriate substrate could be a successful strategy for promoting lichen recovery.…”

Section: Reducing the Effects Of Forestry On Winter Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Modern Forest Management on Winter Grazing Resources for Reindeer in Sweden

Kivinen

Moen

Berg

et al. 2010

AMBIO

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Boreal forests in Sweden are exploited in a number of ways, including forestry and reindeer husbandry. In the winter, reindeer feed mainly on lichens, and lichen-rich forests are a key resource in the herding system. Commercial forestry has mainly negative effects on reindeer husbandry, and conflicts between these two industries have escalated over the last century. This article reviews the effects of modern forest management practices on the winter resources available for reindeer husbandry. Forestry affects reindeer husbandry at both the stand level and the landscape level and over various time scales. Clear-cutting, site preparation, fertilization, short rotation times, and forest fragmentation have largely resulted in a reduced amount of ground growing and arboreal lichens and restricted access to resource. This article also discusses alternative forestry practices and approaches that could reduce the impacts of forestry on reindeer husbandry, both in the short and long term.

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Section: Reducing the Effects Of Forestry On Winter Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Modern Forest Management on Winter Grazing Resources for Reindeer in Sweden

Kivinen

Moen

Berg

et al. 2010

AMBIO

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“…Eriksson et al 1987, Sandström et al 2003, the co-existence of reindeer husbandry and forestry is a key socio-economic feature of the boreal forest, and numerous initiatives have been undertaken to avoid land use conflicts arising between them. For instance, more environmentally friendly, milder soil scarification techniques have been developed (Roturier and Bergsten 2006), but since reindeer lichens can grow directly from undifferentiated thallus fragments, it would also be advantageous to accelerate and improve their re-establishment by artificial dispersal, as suggested by results in Heinken (1999), and already practiced for endangered epiphytic lichens (Lidén et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of ground substrate on establishment of reindeer lichen after artificial dispersal

Roturier¹,

Bäcklund²,

Sundén³

et al. 2007

Silva Fenn.

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Methods to improve the recovery of reindeer lichen after soil disturbance or overgrazing are being sought for areas where reindeer are herded. The effects of four substrates -mineral soil, moss, twigs and pine bark -on the establishment of lichen fragments after total removal of the vegetation were thus studied in a middle-aged pine stand and a clear-cut, both located in a lichen-rich pine-heath. Cladina mitis fragments of two sizes were manually dispersed in 1 m 2 quadrats and their movements from their respective dispersal points were registered after one year. The natural re-establishment of lichens in the quadrats was monitored over three years by using digital pictures. In the forest stand, no significant differences were detected in either the fragment movement or the lichen establishment between the different substrates, but the fragment size had positive effects on both parameters. In the clear-cut, the moss substrate was the most suitable not only for the artificially dispersed lichens to fasten to, but also for the natural settlement of lichens from the surrounding lichen mat. More lichen thalli fastened to the bark and twigs substrates than to the mineral soil, but the settlement of lichens from the surrounding was greater on bare mineral soil substrate. The results indicate that artificial dispersal of lichen thalli on an appropriate substrate could be a successful strategy for promoting lichen recovery.

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“…For the species primarily limited by old-forest resources, structural retention during timber harvesting and using natural mixtures of tree species for regeneration can dramatically improve the quality of managed forests (Hansen et al 1991, Kouki et al 2001, while species sensitive to microclimatic fluctuations under closed canopy may only tolerate continuous-cover forestry (Hedenås and Ericson 2003, Humphrey 2005, Shields et al 2007). For dispersal-limited populations, sustaining landscape connectivity is crucial in the long run, but very rare and threatened species may additionally need to be artificially dispersed in the short term (Lidén et al 2004). Finally, old-forest association of a species may represent non-functional relationships; for example, when the habitat characteristics favouring certain species have, at the same time, discouraged disturbance by logging or fire (Hörnberg et al 1998, McCune et al 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old-forest species: the importance of specific substrata vs. stand continuity in the case of calicioid fungi

Lõhmus¹,

Lõhmus²

2011

Silva Fenn.

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Appropriate conservation management of old-forest species depends on the causes of their oldforest affinity, which, however, are insufficiently known. Calicioid fungi are often considered old-forest dependent because of their special requirements for microhabitat, microclimate, and stand continuity for at least two tree generations. We demonstrate that, for several methodological or interpretational problems, published studies do not provide unequivocal evidence for such mechanisms and even for old-forest dependency of calicioids in general. We then analyse a large Estonian dataset (ca. 2300 records of 32 species) representing various management types and site types to answer whether old forests have more calicioid species, and any specific species, than could be expected for the substratum availability observed. Although old growth had more species and records than mature managed stands or cutover sites, those substratum types that occurred at roughly similar abundances also hosted comparable numbers of species in different management types. The characteristic substrata adding extra species to old growth were snags and root-plates of treefall mounds; wood surfaces in general comprised more than half of all calicioid records. Although substratum abundance did not fully explain the species-richness contrast between old growth and mature stands, additional evidence suggested that the unexplained variance is rather due to small-scale habitat characteristics than stand-scale continuity or microclimate. Finally, we review the evidence for old-forest affinity of calicioid species and distinguish a set of threatened species. We conclude that the availability of specific substrata is the main limiting factor for calicioid fungi in forests, and its quantitative and stochastic nature explains the large random and region-specific variation in the published lists of 'old-forest species'.

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Artificial dispersal of endangered epiphytic lichens: a tool for conservation in boreal forest landscapes

Cited by 32 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of Modern Forest Management on Winter Grazing Resources for Reindeer in Sweden

Effects of Modern Forest Management on Winter Grazing Resources for Reindeer in Sweden

Influence of ground substrate on establishment of reindeer lichen after artificial dispersal

Old-forest species: the importance of specific substrata vs. stand continuity in the case of calicioid fungi

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