Artificial acclimatization of women to heat

Hertig, B. A.; Belding, Harwood S.; Kraning, Kenneth K.; Batterton, Dorothy L.; Smith, Charlotte R.; Sargent, Frederick

doi:10.1152/jappl.1963.18.2.383

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…After the 1960's, the individual variation in human adaptability to heat was explored. Generally, the scope for heat adaptation does not seem to depend on chronological age (Robinson et al, 1965;Wagner et al, 1972), sex (Hertig et al, 1963;Frye et al, 1982), or physical fitness (Piwonka and Robinson, 1967;Cheung and McLellan, 1998). This concept is highly relevant to occupational heat exposure because most types of people can physiologically adapt to work in the heat.…”

Section: A Historical View Of Heat Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Responses to Heat Stress: Implications for Hyperthermia and Physical Work Capacity

2020

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Background: Extreme heat events are increasing in frequency, severity, and duration. It is well known that heat stress can have a negative impact on occupational health and productivity, particularly during physical work. However, there are no up-to-date reviews on how vulnerability to heat changes as a function of individual characteristics in relation to the risk of hyperthermia and work capacity loss. The objective of this narrative review is to examine the role of individual characteristics on the human heat stress response, specifically in relation to hyperthermia risk and productivity loss in hot workplaces. Finally, we aim to generate practical guidance for industrial hygienists considering our findings. Factors included in the analysis were body mass, body surface area to mass ratio, body fat, aerobic fitness and training, heat adaptation, aging, sex, and chronic health conditions. Findings: We found the relevance of any factor to be dynamic, based on the work-type (fixed pace or relative to fitness level), work intensity (low, moderate, or heavy work), climate type (humidity, clothing vapor resistance), and variable of interest (risk of hyperthermia or likelihood of productivity loss). Heat adaptation, high aerobic fitness, and having a large body mass are the most protective factors during heat exposure. Primary detrimental factors include low fitness, low body mass, and lack of heat adaptation. Aging beyond 50 years, being female, and diabetes are less impactful negative factors, since their independent effect is quite small in well matched participants. Skin surface area to mass ratio, body composition, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease are not strong independent predictors of the heat stress response. Conclusion: Understanding how individual factors impact responses to heat stress is necessary for the prediction of heat wave impacts on occupational health and work capacity. The recommendations provided in this report could be utilized to help curtail hyperthermia risk and productivity losses induced by heat.

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Section: A Historical View Of Heat Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Responses to Heat Stress: Implications for Hyperthermia and Physical Work Capacity

2020

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“…In older studies, it was generally assumed that females do not acclimatize as well when compared with males (Fox et al 1969;Hertig et al 1963;Wyndham et al 1965). Later, it was recognized that whether heat acclimation develops in female subjects depends on the physical fitness level of the subject, the intensity of exercise or the humidity of the environment (Horstman and Christensen 1982;Weinman et al 1967).…”

Section: Gender Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of central versus sweat gland mechanisms to the seasonal change of sweating function in young sedentary males and females

et al. 2010

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In summer and winter, young, sedentary male (N = 5) and female (N = 7) subjects were exposed to heat in a climate chamber in which ambient temperature (Ta) was raised continuously from 30 to 42°C at a rate of 0.1°C min(-1) at a relative humidity of 40%. Sweat rates (SR) were measured continuously on forearm, chest and forehead together with tympanic temperature (Tty), mean skin temperature (⁻Ts) and mean body temperature ⁻Tb. The rate of sweat expulsions (Fsw) was obtained as an indicator of central sudomotor activity. Tty and ⁻Tb were significantly lower during summer compared with winter in males; SR was not significantly different between summer and winter in males, but was significantly higher during summer in females; SR during winter was higher in males compared with females. The regression line relating Fsw to ⁻Tb shifted significantly from winter to summer in males and females, but the magnitude of the shift was not significantly different between the two subject groups. The regression line relating SR to Fsw was steepened significantly from winter to summer in males and females, and the change in the slope was significantly greater in females than in males. Females showed a lower slope in winter and a similar slope in summer compared to males. It was concluded that sweating function was improved during summer mediated by central sudomotor and sweat gland mechanisms in males and females, and, although the change of sweat gland function from winter to summer was greater in females as compared with males, the level of increased sweat gland function during summer was similar between the two subject groups.

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“…However in hot environment, the magnitude of Tre and HR increases for men was larger than that for women during the latter periods of exercise (Figure 1). HERTIG et al (1963), WHNDHAM et al (1965) and HORI et al…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Physiological Responses of Men and Women during Prolonged 40% Vo<sub>2</sub>max Exercise at Different Ambient Temperatures

Tochihara

1984

Journal of Anthropological Society of Nippon

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Eight male and female physically active students performed bicycle ergometer exercises for 100min in cool(9.5*), neutral (22.0*) and hot (34.5*) environments. Relative humidity was 55-65% and air velocity was 20 cm/sec. Work load for each subject was based on 40% Vo2 max as determined in neutral environment. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), rectal temperature (Tre), pulmonary ventilation (Ve), oxygen uptake (Vo2) and sweat rate (SR) were measured during exercise.There were no sex differences in the magnitudes of HR and Tre increases in cool and neutral environments.However in hot environment, the final exercise HR and Tre for the males were significantly higher than those for the females. While SBP of male subjects tended to decrease after 80 min exercise in hot environment, this trend was not observed for female subjects. Significant increases in Ve during exercise in hot environment were only shown in male subjects, and the increases in Vo2 through the exercise time were more severe for the male than for the female subjects. The male had significantly more SR per degree increase in Tre than did the female subjects, indicating that evaporative cooling in the males was not as effective as in the females in the humid heat environment.

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Artificial acclimatization of women to heat

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Individual Responses to Heat Stress: Implications for Hyperthermia and Physical Work Capacity

Individual Responses to Heat Stress: Implications for Hyperthermia and Physical Work Capacity

Contribution of central versus sweat gland mechanisms to the seasonal change of sweating function in young sedentary males and females

Physiological Responses of Men and Women during Prolonged 40% Vo<sub>2</sub>max Exercise at Different Ambient Temperatures

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