“…Even if the early knowledge management literature suggested that knowledge was an asset that could be simply externalized, circulated amongst knowledge workers and internalized by them (Nonaka and Takeushi, ), we now know that knowledge cannot be stored in a knowledge management system: it being conceived of as rational capacity held by humans prevents that (Nonaka et al ., ). Without dispute, artifacts can serve as “external memory” (Keil‐Slawik, ), and knowledge workers externalize their individual knowledge in multimedia assets that are shared within a community or organization. The main reason why many authors regarded knowledge as exchangeable asset seems to be based on exactly this necessity of external artifacts for acquiring, storing, and sharing knowledge (Erren, ), (Alavi and Leidner, ), (Carlsson et al ., ) (McQueen, ) (Zack, ).…”