Artifact formation of methyl mercury during aqueous distillation and alternative techniques for the extraction of methyl mercury from environmental samples

Bloom, N. S.; Colman, John A.; Barber, Lee

doi:10.1007/s002160050432

Cited by 236 publications

(170 citation statements)

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“…The detection limit for total Hg was 7 pmole kg À1 for 5 mL samples and 15 pmole kg À1 for 1 mL samples. MMHg was isolated from 7 -20 mL of vent fluid by steam distillation, and determined by GC-CVAFS [Horvat et al, 1993;Bloom et al, 1997]. Detection limits for MMHg were lower than for total Hg, and estimated to be 1.4 pmole kg À1 in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Mercury and monomethylmercury in fluids from Sea Cliff submarine hydrothermal field, Gorda Ridge

Lamborg¹,

Damm²,

Fitzgerald³

et al. 2006

Geophysical Research Letters

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Submarine hydrothermal systems are hypothesized to be a potentially important source of monomethylmercury (MMHg) to the ocean, yet the amount of MMHg in vent fluids is unknown. Here, we report total Hg and MMHg concentrations in hydrothermal vent fluids sampled from the Sea Cliff site on the Gorda Ridge. MMHg is the dominant Hg species, and levels of total Hg are enhanced slightly compared to seawater. Hg is enriched in deposits surrounding the site, suggesting near‐field deposition from fluid plumes, with rapid MMHg demethylation and scavenging of Hg(II) complexes. Assuming the flux of MMHg from Sea Cliff is representative of global submarine hydrothermal inputs, we estimate a flux of 0.1–0.4 Mmoles y−1, which may be attenuated by scavenging near the vents. However, deep waters are not typically known to be elevated in Hg, and thus we suggest that hydrothermal systems are not significant sources of MMHg to commercial fisheries.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Mercury and monomethylmercury in fluids from Sea Cliff submarine hydrothermal field, Gorda Ridge

Lamborg¹,

Damm²,

Fitzgerald³

et al. 2006

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Following digestion, Hg 2+ in an aliquot of the sample was reduced to Hg 0 by the addition of SnCl2 solution to the purge vessel. For MeHg, sample extraction was in accordance with procedures described for solids by Bloom et al (1997). Total organic carbon (TOC) analyses were carried out using high temperature combustion following ATSM method D4129-82 (ATSM, 1982).…”

Section: Mercury In Marine Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury (Hg) speciation in coral reef systems of remote Oceania: Implications for the artisanal fisheries of Tutuila, Samoa Islands

Morrison

Peshut

West

et al. 2015

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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We investigated Hg in muscle tissue of fish species from three trophic levels on fringing reefs of Tutuila (14°S, 171°W), plus water, sediment and turf alga. Accumulation of total Hg in the herbivore Acanthurus lineatus (Acanthuridae, lined surgeonfish, (n =40)) was negligible at 1.05 (±0.04) ngg -1 wet-weight, (~65% occurring as methyl Hg). The mid-level carnivore Parupeneus spp. (Mullidae, goatfishes (n =10)) had total Hg 29.8 (±4.5) ngg -1 wet-weight (~99% as methyl Hg). Neither A. lineatus or Parupeneus spp. showed a propensity to accumulate Hg based on body size. Both groups were assigned a status of "un-restricted" for monthly consumption limits for non-carcinogenic health endpoints for methyl Hg. The top-level carnivore Sphyraena qenie (Sphyraenidae, blackfin barracuda, n =3) had muscle tissue residues of 105, 650 and 741ngg -1 wetweight (100% methyl Hg, with increasing concentration with body mass, suggesting that S. qenie >15kg would have a recommendation of "no consumption".

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“…A 6-h incubation period was used to minimize potential in situ demethylation of CH 3 200 Hg product. MMHg was extracted from lyophilized, incubated sediments with acid and CH 2 Cl 2 (Bloom et al, 1997;, and the fraction of added 200 Hg transformed to CH 3 200 Hg was measured by continuous-flow cold vapor generation with a Finnigan Element2 magnetic sector ICPMS (Klaue and Blum, 1999; 200 Hg methylation potentials were corrected for "carry-over" of Hg 2+ in the CH 2 Cl 2 phase during extraction (Hintelmann and Evans, 1997). Carry-over of 201 Hg 2+ averaged 0.15% (1 SD, 0.07%; n = 15) of the nominal mass added prior to extraction.…”

Section: Hg Methylation Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylmercury cycling in sediments on the continental shelf of southern New England

Hammerschmidt

Fitzgerald

2006

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

167

127

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Exposure of humans to monomethylmercury (MMHg) occurs primarily through consumption of marine fish, yet there is limited understanding concerning the bioaccumulation and biogeochemistry of MMHg in the biologically productive coastal ocean. We examined the cycling of MMHg in sediments at three locations on the continental shelf of southern New Moreover, the efflux of dissolved MMHg to overlying water (i.e., net production at steady state) is correlated with the gross potential rate of MMHg production in surface sediments. These results suggest that the production and efflux of MMHg from coastal marine sediments is limited by Hg(II), loadings of which presumably are principally from atmospheric deposition to this region of the continental shelf. The estimated diffusive flux of MMHg from the shelf sediments averages 9 pmol m −2 d −1 . This flux is comparable to that required to sustain the current rate of MMHg accumulation by marine fish, and may be enhanced by the efflux of MMHg from nearshore deposits contaminated more substantially with anthropogenic Hg. Hence, production and subsequent mobilization of MMHg from sediments in the coastal zone may be a major source of MMHg to the ocean and marine biota, including fishes consumed by humans.

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Artifact formation of methyl mercury during aqueous distillation and alternative techniques for the extraction of methyl mercury from environmental samples

Cited by 236 publications

References 0 publications

Mercury and monomethylmercury in fluids from Sea Cliff submarine hydrothermal field, Gorda Ridge

Mercury and monomethylmercury in fluids from Sea Cliff submarine hydrothermal field, Gorda Ridge

Mercury (Hg) speciation in coral reef systems of remote Oceania: Implications for the artisanal fisheries of Tutuila, Samoa Islands

Methylmercury cycling in sediments on the continental shelf of southern New England

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