Articulating common ground in cooperative work

Convertino, Gregorio; Mentis, Helena M.; Rosson, Mary Beth; Carroll, John M.; Slavković, Aleksandra; Ganoe, Craig H.

doi:10.1145/1357054.1357310

Cited by 65 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…To construct a quantitative experiment, notions such as "efficiency" or "checking understanding" have to be quantified in some way (for other examples of how this has been done on experiments looking at common ground, see Convertino et al, 2008;McCarthy et al, 1991). In this experiment, efficiency was operationalized as the number of turns in the complete session of 20 trials, also as the number of words used by expert and receiver.…”

Section: Gaze Awareness: An Experimental Study Of Resources For Grounmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Ground in Electronically Mediated Conversation

Monk¹

2008

Synthesis Lectures on Human-Centered Informatics

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Technologies that electronically mediate conversation, such as text-based chat or desktop video conferencing, draw on theories of human−human interaction to make predictions about the effects of design decisions. This lecture reviews the theory that has been most influential in this area: Clark's theory of language use. The key concept in Clark's theory is that of common ground. Language is viewed as a collaborative activity that uses existing common ground to develop further common ground and, hence, to communicate efficiently. The theory (a) defines different kinds of common ground, (b) formalizes the notion of collaborative activity as a "joint action," and (c) describes the processes by which common ground is developed through joint action. Chapter 1 explains why a purely cognitive model of communication is not enough and what is meant by the phrase "collaborative activity." Chapter 2 introduces the idea of common ground and how it is used in language through an example of two people conversing over a video link. Chapter 3 indicates where the interested reader can find out about the antecedents to Clark's theory. Chapter 4 sets out the fundamental concepts in Clark's theory. Chapter 5 uses five published case studies of electronically mediated communication to illustrate the value of the theory. These include studies of a computer-supported meeting room (Cognoter), a video tunnel that supports gaze awareness, video conferencing in medical consultation, and text chat. Human-centered informatics (HCI) started as the study of an individual interacting with a computer. Very quickly, it became clear that digital devices have enormous potential for communication and the discipline moved on to encompass technologies that electronically mediate human-human interaction, such as text-based chat or video conferencing. The designers of such facilities need answers to questions that depend on a knowledge of how we use language. What communication tasks will benefit from a shared whiteboard? When are text messages better than speech? The theory that informs the design of these artifacts is a theory of human-human interaction (i.e., language use).Previous theories of language use are divided into the cognitive and the social. Most psycholinguistic accounts of language production and comprehension are very cognitive. They are solely concerned with an individual's behavior and the information processing going on in that individual's head. Ethnomethodological and other sociological accounts of language use are, in contrast, social. They concentrate on the structure that is observable in the behavior of groups. Herbert Clark has developed a theory of language use that bridges these two camps. In Clark's theory, individuals have their own individual goals and behavior but also collaborate in such a way that something more emerges when one considers them as a group. To make this step from the individual to the social, the theory defines the notion of a collaborative activity and outlines the processes needed for a collab...

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Section: Gaze Awareness: An Experimental Study Of Resources For Grounmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Ground in Electronically Mediated Conversation

Monk¹

2008

Synthesis Lectures on Human-Centered Informatics

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“…The CG concept as the basis of joint activity has seen application in AI agents [20], joint robot activity [21], and ComputerSupported Cooperative Work (CSCW) [22], [23], [24].…”

Section: B Common Ground Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Agent Social Joint Actions via Micro and Macro Coordination Strategies

Park

Quek

Cao

2012

2012 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology

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Abstract-This paper presents a multi-agent model for large crowd simulations that addresses the need for socially plausible coordination behavior. A computational model for multi-agent coordination informed by well-established common ground theory is proposed. We introduce the idea of macro-and microcoordination strategies that allow agent-based simulations to adapt to different domains. Our agent model allows the selection of appropriate behaviors based on the spatiotemporal conditions of the agent-group's environment. By showing that different micro-coordination strategies of individual groups has an influence on the overall distribution of a crowd, we demonstrate the importance of incorporating such models into multi-agent simulations of large crowd behaviors.

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“…We present the initial software prototype, which was adopted in our empirical study on emergency management teams [8]. Based on prior research and empirical observations, we isolate key needs of the teams, which we describe through scenarios.…”

Section: Research Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Group Annotations and Process Visualizations for Role-Based Collaboration

Convertino

Zhang

et al.

Social Computing, Behavioral Modeling, and Prediction

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Team collaboration in situations like emergency management often involves sharing and management of knowledge among distributed domain experts. This study extends our previous research on improving common ground building among collaborators with role-based multiple views, and proposes prototypes of annotation and process visualization tools to further enhance common ground building. We illustrate specific needs through two problem scenarios and propose the designed prototypes through storyboarding."The costs of not doing enough in a coordinated way far outweigh the costs of doing it... in a coordinated, better way." "We are in a position to do so and we should do it". The EU commission environment spokesperson commenting on the recent forest fire tragedy in Greece, where at least 60 people died. When Greece requested help, nine EU countries responded within 48 hours and all the relief efforts were coordinated through a centre in Belgium (BBC News, Brussels, August 27 2007).

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Articulating common ground in cooperative work

Cited by 65 publications

References 11 publications

Common Ground in Electronically Mediated Conversation

Common Ground in Electronically Mediated Conversation

Modeling Agent Social Joint Actions via Micro and Macro Coordination Strategies

Designing Group Annotations and Process Visualizations for Role-Based Collaboration

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