Articulación de semántica y pragmática. Los dos principios subyacentes a todas las operaciones lingüísticas

Abstract

Semantics and pragmatics are two equally necessary operational components that act in a circular and complementary way at all levels of language organization. Languages function as dynamic systems because they are constituted not only by formal and abstract semantic rules, but also by pragmatic rules that co-articulate in verbal activity inherent meaning with practical knowledge and communicative situations. Languages use different techniques for the same function, for example for the apprehension of colors, sounds, smells and tastes. In some techniques such as specific labeling, predominant in wixárika, Spanish and German, the semantic component prevails, organizing in the lexicon extensive paradigms of specific terms that are loaded in memory, while other languages such as miˀphaa give preference to other techniques such as generic labeling based on inferential rules that act according to context. This implies strong consequences for lexicology, typology as well as for translation.