Article Nine of Japan's Constitution: From Renunciation of Armed Force "Forever" to the Third Largest Defense Budget in the World

Auer, James E.

doi:10.2307/1191849

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Of course, the revival of a sense of nationalism and patriotism among Japanese people could lead Japan to strengthen its military, especially with threats from North Korea. However, Auer (1990) said that Japan was unable to do so due to Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution which states about the 'renunciation of war' and Japan has endeavoured to live within the spirit of the Pacifist Constitution.…”

Section: North Korea's Endangerment Toward Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting Japan’s Security Interests in the Korean Peninsula

Jose,

Winata

2023

MJIR

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This paper aims to interpret Japan's security interests in the Korean Peninsula using a qualitative research method and realism theory as the conceptual framework. During its empire periods, Japan was known for controlling several areas in Northeast Asia including Korea. Various inhumane treatment was carried out by Japan to the inhabitants of the Korean Peninsula for 35 years (1910-1945). But that treatment stopped after Japan's defeat in World War II in 1945. Korea, which was divided into two at that time, still hated Japan. But that hatred can be overcome by South Korea but not by North Korea. Some of the actions that endanger Japan were finally carried out by North Korea. Given that North Korea had lost the country that helped it, namely the Soviet Union, Pyongyang increased its behaviour that threatened Japan's security, such as using nuclear threats or launching ICBM over Japan’s air territory. Therefore, Japan must implement security policies that can counter North Korea’s threat. Such policies are postwar processing, security, economics, national sovereignty, and the safety of Japanese lives. This paper suggests that Japan must be able to defend itself from North Korean threats. Once safe, Japan can develop its economic interests. Then Japan can live and thrive and at the same time “expand” its leverage to the country that threatens it.

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Section: North Korea's Endangerment Toward Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting Japan’s Security Interests in the Korean Peninsula

Jose,

Winata

2023

MJIR

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“…The discussions on Japan's security stance became more heated throughout the 1970s and 1980s as the aggravation of regional threats and economic growth of Japanese economy inspired questions regarding Tokyo's involvement in international security affairs. Some continued prioritizing the preservation of a peaceful image while others lobbied for building up defence capabilities, commensurate with Japanese economic power (Auer, 1990). Nevertheless, the LDP, which had dominated Japanese politics for much of the post-war period, prioritized economic growth and domestic stability, recognizing potential social and political backlash of pursuing a constitutional revision.…”

Section: Historical Background Of Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

The Asian Conference on Asian Studies 2023: Official Conference Proceedings

2023

ACAS Official Conference Proceedings

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This research aimed to (1) survey the problem of Chinese Language Teachers development in EEC area, (2) create the Chinese Language Teacher's Competencies for the EEC area, and (3) provide the guidelines for developing Chinese Teacher's Competencies for the EEC area. In order to achieve the research purpose, the research methodology was divided into parts. In the first part, content analysing of literature review for formulating questionnaire and surveying were applied to examine the problems and current competencies of Chinese Language Teachers in EEC area. In the second part, analyzing the content related to workforce skill sets and teacher's competencies of Chinese Teacher was applied to design the components of Chinese Language Teacher's competencies for EEC area of Thailand. Then, the questionnaire was formulated to survey Chinese Language Teacher's Competencies in EEC area. The third part was doing the focus group discussion which is the collecting data technique to provide recommendations for Chinese teacher competencies development. Finding was divided into three sections; the survey of Chinese Language Teacher development situation, it was evidenced that teacher has a high score in creating teaching innovation and classroom activity; there are eight components of Chinese Language Teacher's competencies for EEC area; the result of group discussion was suggested that schools should co-operate with other sectors for planning the training programme for teachers that should be in the form of on-the-job training and mentoring.

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“…By the end of the Cold War, Japan, with the world's third largest defense budget, could have conducted an initial (and powerful) forward defense against Soviet attack until U.S. air and naval reinforcements arrived. 61 new strategic ideas, 2010-18. Within twenty years after the 1989 collapse of the Berlin Wall, dramatic improvements to Chinese military capabilities had altered Japan's security landscape, forcing Japanese planners to think anew about military strategy.…”

Section: International Security 42:4 138mentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Denial: Redesigning Japan's Response to China's Military Challenge

Heginbotham

Samuels

2018

International Security

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The growth of Chinese military power poses significant challenges to Japan. China's military spending, which was half that of Japan's in 1996, is now three and a half times as large. Japan has taken a range of measures to buttress its military forces and loosen the restrictions on their operations, but much remains to be done. Most important, Tokyo needs to reexamine its strategy to maximize Japan's deterrent leverage. Of the three general approaches to conventional deterrence—punishment, forward defense, and denial—Japan's best option is to shift to a denial strategy. Such a strategy, built around a resilient force that can survive attack and attrite an encroaching adversary, can make the risks to a potential attacker unacceptably high. In Japan's case, such a strategy would leverage the inherent dangers that Beijing would face in contemplating a prolonged war against Japan and its U.S. ally. The strategy, updated to reflect the imperatives of air and maritime warfare in the precision strike era, would require a high level of dispersion and mobility and might therefore be labeled “active denial.” Adopting an active denial strategy would buttress Japan's defense and deterrent capability while reducing first-strike incentives and improving crisis stability.

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Article Nine of Japan's Constitution: From Renunciation of Armed Force "Forever" to the Third Largest Defense Budget in the World

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Interpreting Japan’s Security Interests in the Korean Peninsula

Interpreting Japan’s Security Interests in the Korean Peninsula

The Asian Conference on Asian Studies 2023: Official Conference Proceedings

Active Denial: Redesigning Japan's Response to China's Military Challenge

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