“…Common cartilage repair techniques comprise debridement, bone marrow stimulating techniques, osteochondral grafting, and autologous chondrocyte implantation. [1][2][3][4] Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been shown to be clinically effective when implanting culture-expanded chondrocytes alone [5][6][7][8] or in combination with resorbable scaffolds made of collagen, hyaluronan, or polymers. [9][10][11] However, in clinical routine, bone marrow stimulating techniques like drilling, abrasion, or microfracture are frequently used, 1,12,13 are cost effective, and are firstline treatment options for focal cartilage defects.…”