Arthroscopic approach and intra‐articular anatomy of the equine atlanto‐occipital joint

Wright, Linda M.; Puchalski, Sarah M.; Kristoffersen, M.; Lindegaard, Claus

doi:10.1111/vsu.12932

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The latter can be facilitated by use of preoperative radiography or, preferably, CT and intraoperative ultrasonography (Wright et al . 2018). Due to the potential damage to the articular cartilage, the necessity of, and approach to, debridement should be evaluated carefully.…”

Section: Other Surgical Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematogenous septic arthritis, physitis and osteomyelitis in foals: A tutorial review on pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Part 2

Lindegaard

Galen

Aarsvold

et al. 2020

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Haematogenous septic arthritis, physitis and osteomyelitis are manifestations of a potentially debilitating or even life‐threatening disease entity encountered in all types of foals from neonates to approximately 7 months of age. Correct and complete diagnosis and successful treatment requires collaboration across specialties; medicine, anaesthesia, diagnostic imaging, surgery, and rehabilitation. However, in order to succeed it is important that all specialties have an overall knowledge of all aspects of the disease complex. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give an overview of aetiology, presenting complaints, clinical findings, diagnostic imaging, treatment, rehabilitation and prognosis.

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Section: Other Surgical Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematogenous septic arthritis, physitis and osteomyelitis in foals: A tutorial review on pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Part 2

Lindegaard

Galen

Aarsvold

et al. 2020

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…The lateral AO ligaments are two short bands that are partially blended with the joint capsules (Gutiérrez-Crespo et al, 2014). The lateral AO ligaments attach cranially to the base of the jugular processes and part of the paracondylar processes of the occipital bone and caudally to the craniolateral border of the dorsal arch of the atlas; these fibres are also fused with the joint membrane (Wright et al, 2018). The medial AO joint margin lies adjacent to the lateral aspect of the dura mater and spinal cord meaning distention of the AO joint can result in spinal cord compression (Wright et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atlanto‐occipital subluxation in an adult Thoroughbred gelding

Barnes

Crosby

Talbot

et al. 2023

Equine Veterinary Education

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SummaryA 13‐year‐old gelding was referred to the University of Liverpool Equine Hospital for further investigation of ataxia and neck pain following a suspected traumatic incident in the field 5 days prior. The following case report documents the clinical presentation, ultrasonographic, radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings of a right lateral atlanto‐occipital (AO) subluxation. In brief, clinical presentation included abnormal head carriage, ataxia and cranial cervical swelling with associated neck pain. Radiography showed lateral deviation of the poll and subluxation of the right AO joint with significant widening of the left AO joint. CT was undertaken standing which confirmed lateral luxation of the right occipital condyle in relation to the right articular process of the AO joint such that the right articular process of the atlas was located medial to the right occipital condyle. The gelding was subjected to euthanasia and post‐mortem the subluxation was resolved with a closed traction procedure. This case initiates discussion of diagnosis, management and outcome for this uncommon injury. The use of CT in this case gives previously undocumented detail on the nature of the subluxation and assisted in the management and post‐mortem closed reduction procedure.

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“…[14][15][16][17][18][19] The range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine has major implications for the coordination and balance of the equine locomotor system and the availability of large CT gantry apertures in several equine referral centres makes detailed multidimensional diagnostic imaging of the equine cervical spine more applicable. [19][20][21][22] Whilst there are some studies detailing the CT anatomy as well as pathological findings in the equine cervical spine, little is known about the exact interaction, movement pattern and ROM of the cervical APJs during dorsoventral flexion-extension and lateral bending. [23][24][25] Pathological conditions of the equine cervical APJs include osteochondrosis, fracture and degenerative joint disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cervical spine and particularly the articular process joints (APJs) are currently receiving increased attention as a source of dysfunction in the equine patient 14‐19 . The range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine has major implications for the coordination and balance of the equine locomotor system and the availability of large CT gantry apertures in several equine referral centres makes detailed multidimensional diagnostic imaging of the equine cervical spine more applicable 19‐22 . Whilst there are some studies detailing the CT anatomy as well as pathological findings in the equine cervical spine, little is known about the exact interaction, movement pattern and ROM of the cervical APJs during dorsoventral flexion‐extension and lateral bending 23‐25 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic three‐dimensional computed tomographic imaging facilitates evaluation of the equine cervical articular process joint in motion

Schulze

Werpy

Gernhardt

et al. 2022

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Background: Dynamic computed tomography (CT) imaging has been introduced in human orthopaedics and is continuing to gain popularity. With dynamic CT, video sequences of anatomical structures can be evaluated in motion. Objectives:To investigate the feasibility of dynamic CT for diagnostic imaging of the equine cervical articular process joints (APJs) and to give a detailed description of the APJ movement pattern. Study design: Descriptive cadaver imaging.Methods: Cervical specimens of twelve Warmblood horses were included. A custommade motorised testing device was used to position and manipulate the neck specimens and perform dynamic 2D and 3D CT imaging. Images were obtained with a 320-detector-row CT scanner with a 160 mm wide-area (2D) solid-state detector design that allows image acquisition of a volumetric axial length of 160 mm without moving the CT couch. Dynamic videos were acquired and divided into four phases of movement. Three blinded observers used a subjective scale of 1 (excellent) to 4 (poor) to grade the overall image quality in each phases of motion cycle. Results:With an overall median score of 1 the image quality, a significantly lower score was observed in the dynamic 3D videos over the four phases by the three observers compared with the 2D videos for both flexion (3D 95% CI: 1-2 and 2D 95% CI:1-3; P = .007) and extension movement (3D 95% CI: 1-2 and 2D 95% CI: 1-3; P = .008).Median Translational displacement of the APJ surface was significantly greater in flexion than in extension movement (P = .002). Main limitations:The small number of specimens included. Excision of spines and removal of musculature. Conclusions:The study is a first step in the investigation of the potential of dynamic 3D CT in veterinary medicine, a technique that has only begun to be explored and leaves much room for refinement prior to its introduction in routine practice. CT with This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Arthroscopic approach and intra‐articular anatomy of the equine atlanto‐occipital joint

Abstract: Advanced imaging improves the diagnosis of A-O joint pathology. Descriptions of arthroscopic anatomy and accessibility provide important information for surgical intervention.

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Haematogenous septic arthritis, physitis and osteomyelitis in foals: A tutorial review on pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Part 2

Haematogenous septic arthritis, physitis and osteomyelitis in foals: A tutorial review on pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Part 2

Atlanto‐occipital subluxation in an adult Thoroughbred gelding

Dynamic three‐dimensional computed tomographic imaging facilitates evaluation of the equine cervical articular process joint in motion

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