Arthropods of Canadian grasslands: a retrospective of a 40-year project of the Biological Survey of Canada

Floate, Kevin D.; Shorthouse, Joseph D.; Giberson, Donna; Cárcamo, H. A.

doi:10.4039/tce.2017.46

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Cattle dung provides habitat for a diverse community of arthropods that are represented by at least 270 species in Canada (Floate 2011). The tunnelling, reproductive, and feeding behaviours of these species accelerate degradation of the dung, which restores nitrogen to the soil and reduces the suitability of pats as breeding sites for pest flies and parasites that affect cattle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioclimatic analyses for the distributions ofOnthophagus nuchicornis,Onthophagus taurus, andDigitonthophagus gazella(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in North America

et al. 2017

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Onthophagus nuchicornis(Linnaeus),Onthophagus taurus(Schreber), andDigitonthophagus gazella(Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini) are species of dung beetles that have been used in relocation programmes to accelerate the degradation of cattle dung on pastures. Exotic in North America, all three species have expanded their distributions since their introduction onto the continent. Here we report development of CLIMEX®bioclimatic models using data collected before 2011 that predict the eventual North American distributions of these species. Data collected after 2010 is used to validate these models. Model outputs identify large regions of the central United States of America suitable for establishment ofO. nuchicornisandO. tauruswhere these species have not been reported. These results indicate that the latter two species may already be present in these regions and undetected, that they have yet to expand into these regions, and (or) that factors restricting migration or dispersal prevent these species from occupying these areas. Model outputs forD. gazellasuggest that the species has largely reached its predicted maximum distribution. These models can be used to aid the success of future relocation programmes elsewhere in the world and (or) to predict regions where these species are likely to spread without human intervention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioclimatic analyses for the distributions ofOnthophagus nuchicornis,Onthophagus taurus, andDigitonthophagus gazella(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in North America

et al. 2017

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“…Whether these wasps were the reservoirs of these shared strains worldwide or have become infected as a consequence of range expansion remains to be analyzed. The U. cardui Wolbachia system offers a possibility to address such quandaries through its recent establishment in North America and exposure to a new parasitoid community (De Clerck‐Floate & Cárcamo, 2011; Peschken & Derby, 1997). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the history and ecological context of Wolbachia double infection in a specialist host (Urophora cardui)—parasitoid (Eurytoma serratulae) system

Johannesen

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia is the most widespread bacteria in insects, yet the ecology of novel acquisitions in natural host populations is poorly understood. Using temporal data separated by 12 years, I tested the hypothesis that immigration of a parasitoid wasp led to transmission of its Wolbachia strain to its dipteran host, resulting in double‐strain infection, and I used geographic and community surveys to explore the history of transmission in fly and parasitoid. Double infection in the fly host was present before immigration of the parasitoid. Equal prevalence of double infection in males and females, constant prevalence before and after immigration in two regions, and increase in one region of immigration indicate little if no competition between strains. Double infection was present throughout the fly's distribution range, but proportions varied highly (0–0.71, mean = 0.26). Two fly‐specific MLST strains, observed in Eastern and Western Europe, respectively, differed at hcpA only. Flies with either fly‐strain could be double infected with the parasitoid's strain. The geographic distribution of double infection implies that it is older than the fly host's extent distribution range and that different proportions of double infection are caused by demographic fluctuations in the fly. The geographic data in combination with community surveys of infections and strains further suggest that the parasitoid strain was the fly's ancestral strain that was transmitted to the parasitoid, that is, the reverse transmission route as first hypothesized. Based on these findings together with a comparison of oviposition strategies of other hosts harboring related Wolbachia strains, I hypothesize that trans‐infection during an insect host's puparial metamorphosis might be important in promoting horizontal transmission among diverse holometabolic taxa.

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“…Other lessons derive from attention to key habitats. For example, before the BSC project on grasslands, relatively little was known about biodiversity, ecology, and responses to change in these habitats, despite their importance for understanding the origin and setting of the faunas of present-day range and agricultural lands modified by European settlement (Shorthouse and Wheeler 2002; Floate 2011). Characteristic forests are widespread; they are important in the production of wood and fibre, and there is particular interest in the ability of arthropods to help assess ecosystem impacts and recovery in managed forests (Langor and Spence 2008).…”

Section: Benefits Of the Biological Survey Of Canadamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple specialists combine expertise to document and analyse regional faunas ( e.g. , Danks and Downes 1997; Shorthouse and Floate 2010; Floate 2011; Cárcamo and Giberson 2014; Giberson and Cárcamo 2014), assemble and curate reference material (especially linked with the major projects), and add to the organisation and identification of specimens in museums. Collections are enhanced through the exchange of material, and the BSC has also convened groups of experts to curate specific collections, in association with annual meetings of the ESC ( e.g.…”

Section: Benefits Of the Biological Survey Of Canadamentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits and principles of the Biological Survey of Canada: a model for scientific cooperation

Danks

2017

Can Entomol

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Abstract-For 40 years, the Biological Survey of Canada (BSC) has encouraged and organised studies of the arthropod fauna of Canada, through the wide involvement of the scientific community and the leadership of an expert steering committee. The benefits of the BSC to science include the completion of major cooperative projects to acquire and synthesise knowledge (documenting faunas in the Yukon, Canadian grasslands, and other significant regions and habitats), the assembly and organisation of information and specimens, and improved communication among entomologists. Its efforts have led to valuable monographs, scientific briefs, newsletters, and other products summarised here, including documents that are also useful to those outside entomology. Key operating principles of the BSC are identified. In particular, decisions come from broadly based scientific considerations, an approach to understanding the fauna that guarantees the scientific relevance of the work and is not offset by political or other influences. Core work is planned over the long term to ensure collaboration, focus, efficiency, integrity, quality, productivity, and delivery. The achievements of the BSC over many years confirm the effectiveness of this model for scientific cooperation.

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Arthropods of Canadian grasslands: a retrospective of a 40-year project of the Biological Survey of Canada

Abstract: Abstract-The

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Bioclimatic analyses for the distributions ofOnthophagus nuchicornis,Onthophagus taurus, andDigitonthophagus gazella(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in North America

Bioclimatic analyses for the distributions ofOnthophagus nuchicornis,Onthophagus taurus, andDigitonthophagus gazella(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in North America

Tracing the history and ecological context of Wolbachia double infection in a specialist host (Urophora cardui)—parasitoid (Eurytoma serratulae) system

Benefits and principles of the Biological Survey of Canada: a model for scientific cooperation

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