Arthropods and molluscs associated with poroporo (Solanum aviculareandS. laciniatum):an annotated species list

Temperature‐dependent phenology and growth potential of the Andean potato tuber moth, Symmetrischema tangolias (Gyen) (Lep., Gelechiidae)

“…; Dangles et al. ) and is reported as a pest in New Zealand, Australia and the United States (Osmelak ; Martin ). In the Andes, the pest has expanded its range northwards from its assumed origin during the last several decades and today is established in some areas in Ecuador and Colombia.…”

“…The Andean potato tuber moth, Symmetrischema tangolias (Gyen) [Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae], is likely native to the mountainous region of Peru and Bolivia. It causes significant economic damage to farmers growing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the mid-elevated Andean region of South America (Palacios et al 1999;Dangles et al 2008) and is reported as a pest in New Zealand, Australia and the United States (Osmelak 1987;Martin 1999). In the Andes, the pest has expanded its range northwards from its assumed origin during the last several decades and today is established in some areas in Ecuador and Colombia.…”

Effect of constant temperature on the development of Sceliodes cordalis (Doubleday) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on eggplant

“…The remaining three remained as pre‐pupae for 7 weeks, so the temperature was reduced to 20°C for 4 weeks and then to 17°C for 5 weeks to simulate cooler winter conditions before being increased to 25°C and the photoperiod increased to 16:8 L : D. Two of the insects then pupated and developed into adults in 2 and 4 weeks, and the final insect was discarded as it failed to pupate after a further 2 weeks. Galbreath and Clearwater (1983) and Martin (1999) reported that in New Zealand S. cordalis larvae entered pre‐pupal diapause in April to overwinter until October, and Martin (pers. comm.…”

“…Studies on S. cordalis have been undertaken on its pheromone (Galbreath & Clearwater 1983; Clearwater et al . 1986), pathogens (Dhana 1984; Mercer & Wigley 1987a,b,c), insecticidal control (Martin & Workman 1985; Kay & Brown 1992, 2009) and its seasonal occurrence in New Zealand (Martin 1999). However, apart from the estimates of the durations of the egg, larval and pupal stages under the warm conditions of spring and early summer in north Queensland (Davis 1964), the effect of temperature on the development of S. cordalis has not been studied despite the critical importance of temperature as a driving factor in insect development and population dynamics (Kitching 1977).…”

Assessing Genetic Diversity of Three Species of Potato Tuber Moths (Gelechiidae, Lepidoptera) in the Ecuadorian Highlands

“…Symmetrischema tangolias is thought to be native to the Peruvian or Bolivian Andes and is broadly distributed in the Andean zones of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Beyond South America, S. tangolias is present in Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and Indonesia (Terauds et al 1984;Martin 1999;Kroschel & Schaub 2013). The larva mines the potato plant stems, including tubers, both in the field and post-harvest.…”