Arthropods: An Important Bio-Indicator to Decipher the Health of the Water of South Asian Rivers

Benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of water quality: A case study of estuarine ecosystems along the coast of Ghana

“…High numerical abundance, high sensitivity to environmental stressors, wide distribution, low mobility, and a high capacity for measurement and standardisation are all desirable qualities for benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators [ [18] , [19] , [20] ]. Benthic macroinvertebrates, sensitive to environmental changes, serve as valuable tools for monitoring aquatic ecosystem health, being either pollution-sensitive or pollution-tolerant [ 21 , 22 ].…”

“…Pollution-sensitive species, like stoneflies, mayflies, caddisflies, flatworms, and leeches, are highly responsive to environmental pollution and are used as bioindicators to assess ecosystem health [ [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] ]. Their absence or scarcity indicates pollution or environmental degradation [ [24] , [25] , [26] ].…”