Arthropod Predation by a Specialist Seed Predator, the Golden-backed Uacari (Cacajao melanocephalus ouakary, Pitheciidae) in Brazilian Amazonia

Barnett, Adrian A.; Ronchi‐Teles, Beatriz; Almeida, Thais; Deveny, Adrian J.; Schiel-Baracuhy, V.; Souza-Silva, W.; Spironello, Wilson Roberto; Ross, Caroline; MacLarnon, Ann

doi:10.1007/s10764-013-9673-0

Cited by 60 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Pitheciids eat fruit primarily, including seeds [Norconk et al, ]. Flowers, leaves, bark, and invertebrates are also included as minor components of their diets [Barnett et al, , ; Boubli, ; Boyle et al, ; Norconk & Setz, ; Palacios & Rodríguez, ]. Because pitheciids consume both ripe and unripe fruits, they can use fruit resources throughout the year [Boyle et al, ; Norconk & Veres, ], thereby buffering periods of severe fruit scarcity [Palminteri et al, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic comparison of plant genera used in frugivory among the pitheciidsCacajao,Callicebus,Chiropotes, andPithecia

Boyle

Thompson

DeLuycker

et al. 2015

American J Primatol

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Pitheciids are known for their frugivorous diets, but there has been no broad-scale comparison of fruit genera used by these primates that range across five geographic regions in South America. We compiled 31 fruit lists from data collected from 18 species (three Cacajao, six Callicebus, five Chiropotes, and four Pithecia) at 26 study sites in six countries. Together, these lists contained 455 plant genera from 96 families. We predicted that 1) closely related Chiropotes and Cacajao would demonstrate the greatest similarity in fruit lists; 2) pitheciids living in closer geographic proximity would have greater similarities in fruit lists; and 3) fruit genus richness would be lower in lists from forest fragments than continuous forests. Fruit genus richness was greatest for the composite Chiropotes list, even though Pithecia had the greatest overall sampling effort. We also found that the Callicebus composite fruit list had lower similarity scores in comparison with the composite food lists of the other three genera (both within and between geographic areas). Chiropotes and Pithecia showed strongest similarities in fruit lists, followed by sister taxa Chiropotes and Cacajao. Overall, pitheciids in closer proximity had more similarities in their fruit list, and this pattern was evident in the fruit lists for both Callicebus and Chiropotes. There was no difference in the number of fruit genera used by pitheciids in habitat fragments and continuous forest. Our findings demonstrate that pitheciids use a variety of fruit genera, but phylogenetic and geographic patterns in fruit use are not consistent across all pitheciid genera. This study represents the most extensive examination of pitheciid fruit consumption to date, but future research is needed to investigate the extent to which the trends in fruit genus richness noted here are attributable to habitat differences among study sites, differences in feeding ecology, or a combination of both.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic comparison of plant genera used in frugivory among the pitheciidsCacajao,Callicebus,Chiropotes, andPithecia

Boyle

Thompson

DeLuycker

et al. 2015

American J Primatol

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“… c Barnett et al (2013); Bicca‐Marques and Heymann (2013); Norconk and Setz (2013); Veiga and Ferrari (2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cacajao spp. inhabit a diverse range of forests that include seasonally flooded forests of white water ( várzea ) and black‐water ( igapó ) rivers, permanently flooded palm swamps and terra firme habitats (on high, nonflooded ground; Barnett, Bowler, et al, 2013; Heymann & Aquino, 2010). Cacajao spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cacajao spp. are absent in disturbed forests (Barnett, Bowler et al, 2013), unlike Pithecia that use a wide range of habitats from evergreen forests to tropical dry forests to remnants and secondary forests (Norconk & Setz, 2013). Despite their common occurrence in undisturbed terra firme forests, Chiropotes has been found in a wider range of habitats than Cacajao , including forest fragments (e.g., Boyle, Lourenço, Da Silva, & Smith, 2009; Silva & Ferrari, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Historical antecedents and recent innovations in pitheciid (titi, saki, and uakari) feeding ecology

Norconk

2020

American J Primatol

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The modern pitheciids (titis, sakis, and uakaris) of northern South America represent one of the earliest radiations of platyrrhines and demonstrate morphological adaptations and ecological strategies for seed eating. While seeds can provide reliable resources for relatively long periods of time, they are often well protected by thick husks and hard seed coverings. Seeds also tend to be rich in lipids, but they may also be high in indigestible fiber. Even though seed eaters are found in each major primate radiation, only the pitheciids demonstrate primary adaptations for eating seeds. In this partly historical, partly contemporary review, I examine the ecological and anatomical correlates of seed eating. It is dedicated to two wellknown field primatologists: ecologist and conservationist J. Márcio Ayres; and anatomist and ecologist Warren G. Kinzey. Using observations in Kinzey (1992, Am J Phys Anthropol, 88, pp. 499-514) as a framework, I provide context and analysis for the intervening three decades of pitheciid research to identify what we know about this understudied group of primates and propose directions for future work.

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“…To track fruit development to the button stage of pyxidial growth (Figure 4), individual inflorescences on trees in the phenology study plots were marked on the peduncle with a number written in waterproof ink (initial attempts to use flagging tape or fine cords for marking, as used in several Bertholletia studies and by Krause [64] for E. ovata, were not successful due to Within JNP National Park, initial studies were conducted during visits to the Seringalzinho region (1999) and Patuá (2000) regions (see [13,21,[82][83][84]). The main study took place between October 2006 and April 2008, as part of a broader study of golden-backed uacari (C. ouakary) ecology [30,85,86]. Follow-up data were collected during a return visit to Seringalzinho in 2015 (for all study locations, see Figure 3.…”

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confidence: 99%

Buds, Bugs and Bienniality: The Floral Biology of Eschweilera tenuifolia (O. Berg) Miers in a Black-Water Flooded Forest, Central Amazonia

Barnett

Boyle

Kinap

et al. 2020

Forests

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Research Highlights: Our study establishes the biennial nature of flowering intensity as a life-time energy-conserving strategy; we show unexpectedly high flower:fruit ratios despite extensive predation of buds and flowers by insect larvae; ‘selective’ bud abortion may be a key annual energy-saving strategy. Background and Objectives: We aim to explain the strongly biennial flowering pattern of Eschweilera tenuifolia, an ecologically key tree species of Amazon blackwater-flooded forest, inundated for up to nine months annually, and with large flowers (6 cm in width). Materials and Methods: We quantified the insect infestation of central Amazonian Eschweilera tenuifolia buds and flowers; we measured nectar production from flower opening onwards, examined flower duration and monitored pollen theft. We tested the role of infestation in bud abortion, nectar production and fruit production initiation. Results: Our study shows extensive predation of buds and flowers by insect larvae, as well as selective abortion of heavily infested buds, and limited loss to pollen thieves which fed largely on infertile fodder pollen. Nectar production peaked in the morning, with no nocturnal nectar production recorded. Sucrose levels were similar to congeneric values (mean 37.4%), and near-constant during production. Flower duration (4–5 days) was longer than reported for other congenerics. Conclusions: Insect infestation of buds can play an important role in regulating flower:fruit ratios, thus setting limits on individual total seed set. Individual Eschweilera tenuifolia appear to invest highly in reproduction every second year. Extended flower duration may be a strategy to enhance pollination success, but increases overall reproductive investment. Abortion of heavily infested buds may minimize allocation of energy to malformed flowers, which have a lower chance of attracting pollinators, thus functioning as a short-term energy-saving strategy. Additionally, biennial flowering in E. tenuifolia is likely to be an energy-conserving response in a highly physiologically-challenging environment. Thus, E. tenuifolia exhibits energy-conservation strategies at two divergent temporal scales.

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Arthropod Predation by a Specialist Seed Predator, the Golden-backed Uacari (Cacajao melanocephalus ouakary, Pitheciidae) in Brazilian Amazonia

Cited by 60 publications

References 57 publications

Geographic comparison of plant genera used in frugivory among the pitheciidsCacajao,Callicebus,Chiropotes, andPithecia

Geographic comparison of plant genera used in frugivory among the pitheciidsCacajao,Callicebus,Chiropotes, andPithecia

Historical antecedents and recent innovations in pitheciid (titi, saki, and uakari) feeding ecology

Buds, Bugs and Bienniality: The Floral Biology of Eschweilera tenuifolia (O. Berg) Miers in a Black-Water Flooded Forest, Central Amazonia

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