Arthropod Post-embryonic Development

Minelli, Alessandro; Fusco, Giuseppe

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36160-9_5

Cited by 27 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Because the postembryonic development of Anostraca is characterized by the sequential addition of new trunk segments from a subterminal region (Minelli and Fusco, ), we used for Branchinella sp. a staging scheme (Tab.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nervous system development in the fairy shrimpBranchinellasp. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca): Insights into the development and evolution of the branchiopod brain and its sensory organs

Frase

Richter

2016

Journal of Morphology

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Using immunohistochemical labeling against acetylated a-tubulin and serotonin in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy and 3D-reconstruction, we investigated the temporary freshwater pond inhabitant Branchinella sp. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca) for the first time to provide detailed data on the development of the anostracan nervous system. Protocerebral sense organs such as the nauplius eye and frontal filament organs are present as early as the hatching stage L0. In the postnaupliar region, two terminal pioneer neurons grow from posterior to anterior to connect the mandibular neuromeres. The first protocerebral neuropil to emerge is not part of the central complex but represents the median neuropil, and begins to develop from L0+ onwards. In stage L3, the first evidence of developing compound eyes is visible. This is followed by the formation of the visual neuropils and the neuropils of the central complex in the protocerebrum. From the deutocerebral lobes, the projecting neuron tract proceeds to both sides of the lateral protocerebrum, forming a chiasma just behind the central body. In the postnaupliar region, the peripheral nervous system, commissures and connectives develop along an anterior-posterior gradient after the fasciculation of the terminal pioneer neurons with the mandibular neuromere. The peripheral nervous system in the thoracic segments consists of two longitudinal neurite bundles on each side which connect the intersegmental nerves, together with the ventral nervous system forming an orthogon-like network. Here, we discuss, among other things, the evidence of a fourth nauplius eye nerve and decussating projecting neuron tract found in Branchinella sp., and provide arguments to support our view that the crustacean frontal filament (organ) and onychophoran primary antenna are homologous. J. Morphol. 277:1423-1446, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nervous system development in the fairy shrimpBranchinellasp. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca): Insights into the development and evolution of the branchiopod brain and its sensory organs

Frase

Richter

2016

Journal of Morphology

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“…The ontogeny of F. protensa indicates that this taxon underwent anamorphic post-embryonic development (Figs. 4 , 12 , 13 ), in which new tergites were added sequentially from a posterior growth zone [ 19 , 20 , 24 , 31 , 32 ]. The biphasic developmental pattern of F. protensa is reminiscent of euarthropods that possess morphologically regionalized trunk regions, such as trilobites [ 24 , 31 , 32 ] and some crustaceans [ 21 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anamorphic development and extended parental care in a 520 million-year-old stem-group euarthropod from China

Ortega‐Hernández

Daley

et al. 2018

BMC Evol Biol

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BackgroundExtended parental care is a complex reproductive strategy in which progenitors actively look after their offspring up to – or beyond – the first juvenile stage in order to maximize their fitness. Although the euarthropod fossil record has produced several examples of brood-care, the appearance of extended parental care within this phylum remains poorly constrained given the scarcity of developmental data for Palaeozoic stem-group representatives that would link juvenile and adult forms in an ontogenetic sequence.ResultsHere, we describe the post-embryonic growth of Fuxianhuia protensa from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte in South China. Our data demonstrate anamorphic post-embryonic development for F. protensa, in which new tergites were sequentially added from a posterior growth zone, the number of tergites varies from eight to 30. The growth of F. protensa is typified by the alternation between segment addition, followed by the depletion of the anteriormost abdominal segment into the thoracic region. The transformation of abdominal into thoracic tergite is demarcated by the development of laterally tergopleurae, and biramous walking legs. The new ontogeny data leads to the recognition of the rare Chengjiang euarthropod Pisinnocaris subconigera as a junior synonym of Fuxianhuia. Comparisons between different species of Fuxianhuia and with other genera within Fuxianhuiida suggest that heterochrony played a prominent role in the morphological diversification of fuxianhuiids. Functional analogy with the flexible trunk ontogeny of Cambrian and Silurian olenimorphic trilobites suggests an adaptation to sporadic low oxygen conditions in Chengjiang deposits for F. protensa. Finally, understanding the growth of F. protensa allows for the interpretation of an exceptional life assemblage consisting of a sexually mature adult alongside four ontogenetically coeval juveniles, which constitutes the oldest occurrence of extended parental care by prolonged cohabitation in the panarthropod fossil record.ConclusionsOur findings constitute the most detailed characterization of the post-embryonic development in a soft-bodied upper stem-group euarthropod available to date. The new ontogeny data illuminates the systematics, trunk segmentation and palaeoecology of F. protensa, offers insights on the macroevolutionary processes involved in the diversification of this clade, and contributes towards an improved understanding of complex post-embryonic reproductive ecology in Cambrian euarthropods.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1262-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The ontogeny of F. protensa indicates that this taxon underwent anamorphic postembryonic development ( Fig. 3; Figs s8 and s9), in which new tergites were added sequentially from a posterior growth zone [17,18,22,28,29]. The biphasic developmental pattern of F. protensa is reminiscent of euarthropods that possess morphologically regionalized trunk regions, such as trilobites [22, 28 30] and some crustaceans [19,31,32].…”

Section: (A) the Ontogenetic Development Of Fuxianhuia Protensamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trilobite development is broadly characterized as hemianamorphic; it consists of an anamorphic phase in which new segments are added from a posterior growth zone after each moult (accumulation), followed by an epimorphic phase with an invariant number of segments that may involve the release of pygidial segments into the freely articulating thorax (depletion), or a body size increase without significant morphological changes [22,[28][29][30].…”

Section: (A) the Ontogenetic Development Of Fuxianhuia Protensamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The step-wise formation of the tergites from the posterior growth zone in the abdomen (Fig. 3; Figs s8, sS9), together with their release into the thoracic region and subsequent lateral expansion of the tergopleurae, suggest that the dorsal exoskeleton of fuxianhuiids follows the conventional pattern of segment production observed in most euarthropods [17][18][19][20][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: (A) the Ontogenetic Development Of Fuxianhuia Protensamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anamorphic development and extended parental care in a 520 million-year-old stem-group euarthropod from China

Ortega‐Hernández

Daley

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Extended parental care (XPC) is a complex reproductive strategy in which progenitors actively look after their offspring up to -or beyond -the first juvenile stage in order to maximize their fitness. Although the euarthropod fossil record has produced several examples of brood-care, the appearance of XPC within this phylum remains poorly constrained given the scarcity of developmental data for Palaeozoic stem-group representatives that would link juvenile and adult forms in an ontogenetic sequence. Here, we describe the post-embryonic growth of Fuxianhuia protensa from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte, and show parental care in this stem-group euarthropod. We recognize fifteen distinct ontogenetic stages based on the number and shape of the trunk tergites, and their allocation between the morphologically distinct thorax and abdomen. Our data demonstrate anamorphic post-embryonic development in F. protensa, in which tergites were sequentially added from a posterior growth zone. A life assemblage consisting of a sexually mature F. protensa adult alongside four ontogenetically coeval juveniles, constitutes the oldest occurrence of XPC in the panarthropod fossil record. These findings provide the most phylogenetically basal evidence of anamorphosis in the evolutionary history of total-group Euarthropoda, and reveal a complex post-embryonic reproductive ecology for its early representatives.

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Arthropod Post-embryonic Development

Cited by 27 publications

References 128 publications

Nervous system development in the fairy shrimpBranchinellasp. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca): Insights into the development and evolution of the branchiopod brain and its sensory organs

Nervous system development in the fairy shrimpBranchinellasp. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca): Insights into the development and evolution of the branchiopod brain and its sensory organs

Anamorphic development and extended parental care in a 520 million-year-old stem-group euarthropod from China

Anamorphic development and extended parental care in a 520 million-year-old stem-group euarthropod from China

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