Arterial stiffness as a measure of cardiovascular risk in obese adolescents and adolescents with diabetes type 1

Putarek, Krešimir; Banfić, Ljiljana; Pašalić, Marijan; Krnić, Nevena; Putarek, Nataša Rojnić

doi:10.1515/jpem-2018-0137

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[7] Conflicting results were reported in a European study, which found no significant correlations between arterial stiffness, gender, age, BMI, Tanner stage or SBP levels among 38 non-obese adolescents (mean age and associated standard deviation (SD): 15.02 (1.94) years). [8] The same study reported a significant association between arterial stiffness and SBP among 68 obese adolescents (mean (SD) age: 13.27 (2.31) years). [8] This could imply that early vascular damage is more apparent in obese adolescents than in their lean counterparts.A greater understanding of arterial stiffness and its association with conventional CVD risk factors is warranted.…”

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confidence: 87%

“…[8] The same study reported a significant association between arterial stiffness and SBP among 68 obese adolescents (mean (SD) age: 13.27 (2.31) years). [8] This could imply that early vascular damage is more apparent in obese adolescents than in their lean counterparts.A greater understanding of arterial stiffness and its association with conventional CVD risk factors is warranted. Furthermore, it has been reported that black South African (SA) children are at an increased risk of developing CVD.…”

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Associations between arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disease risk factors among black South African children

2021

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This open-access article is distributed under Creative Commons licence CC-BY-NC 4.0.Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and is estimated to cause 17.3 million deaths per year. [1] CVD incidence is strongly associated with a set of conventional risk factors, which include increased waist circumference (WC), high body mass index (BMI), high systolic blood pressure (SBP), increased levels of low-density lipoprotein, high blood glucose levels, low levels of physical activity and poor cardiorespiratory fitness. [2] However, screening for these conventional risk factors may underestimate the risk of CVD, especially in asymptomatic children. [3] Therefore, other non-conventional risk factors may be important to consider. Pulse wave velocity can be used as an indicator of arterial stiffness, which suggests structural changes in arterial walls that precede the events of atherosclerosis and CVD. [4] Arterial stiffness has been reported to be a notable risk factor for developing future CVD independent of conventional risk factors in adults. [4] Similarly, arterial stiffness has been shown to be positively associated with several conventional risk factors for CVD in children, [5] although findings in paediatric studies are inconsistent.Reed et al. [6] determined the predictors of arterial stiffness in a sample of 99 Canadian children (aged 9 -11 years). The results showed that children in the highest fitness quartile had 34% greater arterial compliance than children in the lower quartiles. Other predictors of arterial stiffness included body mass, SBP and maturation, [6] in accordance with a US population-based study that found significant associations between arterial stiffness, age, gender, BMI and SBP among 343 healthy adolescents and young adults (aged 15 -28 years). [7] Conflicting results were reported in a European study, which found no significant correlations between arterial stiffness, gender, age, BMI, Tanner stage or SBP levels among 38 non-obese adolescents (mean age and associated standard deviation (SD): 15.02 (1.94) years). [8] The same study reported a significant association between arterial stiffness and SBP among 68 obese adolescents (mean (SD) age: 13.27 (2.31) years). [8] This could imply that early vascular damage is more apparent in obese adolescents than in their lean counterparts.A greater understanding of arterial stiffness and its association with conventional CVD risk factors is warranted. Furthermore, it has been reported that black South African (SA) children are at an increased risk of developing CVD. [9] Similarly, increased arterial stiffness has been reported in black SA boys (aged 6 -8 years) compared with their white counterparts. [10] Thus, this study aimed to explore associations between specific conventional CVD risk factors and arterial stiffness in black SA children. Methods ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study recruited 59 black SA children (17 male, 42 female) from an urban primary school in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, SA, in ...

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Associations between arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disease risk factors among black South African children

2021

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“…Excess caloric intake prompts the onset and development of vascular stiffness to compromise vascular function via endothelial dysfunction, extracellular matrix remodeling, calcification, and inflammation ( 202 – 204 ). Arterial stiffness is usually monitored clinically using pulse wave velocity ( 205 , 206 ). Weight gain and metabolic disorders occur before, or concomitant with, arterial stiffening ( 189 , 207 – 212 ).…”

Section: Cardiac Remodeling In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity cardiomyopathy: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications

Ren

Wang

et al. 2021

Physiological Reviews

204

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The prevalence of heart failure is on the rise and imposes a major health threat, in part, due to the rapidly increased prevalence of overweight and obesity. To this point, epidemiological, clinical and experimental evidence supports the existence of a unique disease entity termed "obesity cardiomyopathy", which develops independent of hypertension, coronary heart disease and other heart diseases. Our contemporary review evaluates the evidence for this pathological condition, examines putative responsible mechanisms, and discusses therapeutic options for this disorder. Clinical findings have consolidated the presence of left ventricular dysfunction in obesity. Experimental investigations have uncovered pathophysiological changes in myocardial structure and function in genetically-predisposed and diet-induced obesity. Indeed, contemporary evidence consolidates a wide array of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the etiology of obesity cardiomyopathy including adipose tissue dysfunction, systemic inflammation, metabolic disturbances (insulin resistance, abnormal glucose transport, spillover of free fatty acids, lipotoxicity, and amino acid derangement), altered intracellular especially mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, autophagy/mitophagy defect, myocardial fibrosis, dampened coronary flow reserve, coronary microvascular disease (microangiopathy), and endothelial impairment. Given the important role of obesity in the increased risk of heart failure, especially that with preserved systolic function and the recent rises in COVID-19-associated cardiovascular mortality, this review should provide compelling evidence for the presence of obesity cardiomyopathy, independent of various comorbid conditions, underlying mechanisms, and offer new insights into potential therapeutic approaches (pharmacological and lifestyle modification) for the clinical management of obesity cardiomyopathy.

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“…1), but they did not belong to the subgroup with bad metabolic control (HbA1c 7.3 and 7.8, respectively, data not shown in the study). Furthermore, not all studies described an increase in carotid IMT in adolescents with T1D [1,2].…”

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confidence: 94%