Arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk

Lee, Jae-Geun; Joo, Seung‐Jae

doi:10.3904/kjim.2019.110

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Arterial stiffness (AS) is one of the first indicators detected in both functional and structural changes of the arterial wall and plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [ 1 ]. Previous evidence has shown that age, blood pressure, and unhealthy lifestyles such as inappropriate diet, lack of physical activity, and smoking [ 2 ] reduce the elasticity of the arteries [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous evidence has shown that age, blood pressure, and unhealthy lifestyles such as inappropriate diet, lack of physical activity, and smoking [ 2 ] reduce the elasticity of the arteries [ 3 ]. AS is commonly measured by pulse wave velocity (PWv) [ 1 ], which is the non-invasive reference parameter of AS [ 4 , 5 ]. Furthermore, stiffening of elastic arteries (like the aorta and carotid artery) is related to different pathologies such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney diseases, and it is therefore considered to be a predictor of CVD [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Acute Effect of Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Subjects: A Meta-Analysis

Saz‐Lara

Cavero‐Redondo

Álvarez‐Bueno

et al. 2021

JCM

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Arterial stiffness has been shown to be a subclinical marker associated with cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, long-term exercise has been demonstrated to reduce arterial stiffness, providing a decrease in cardiovascular risk. However, the acute effect of exercise on arterial stiffness is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the acute effect of exercise interventions on arterial stiffness in healthy adults. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (via Pubmed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from their inception to 30 June 2020. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the acute effect of exercise on arterial stiffness using random-effects models to calculate pooled effect size estimates and their corresponding 95% CI. Pulse wave velocity was measured as an arterial stiffness index. The 30 studies included in the meta-analysis showed that pulse wave velocity was not modified immediately after exercise (0 min post) (ES: 0.02; 95% CI: −0.22, 0.26), but subsequently decreased 30 min after exercise (ES: −0.27; 95% CI: −0.43, −0.12). Thereafter, pulse wave velocity increased to its initial value 24 h after exercise (ES: −0.07; 95% CI: −0.21, 0.07). Our results show that, although there is a significant reduction in pulse wave velocity 30 min after exercise, the levels of arterial stiffness return to their basal levels after 24 h. These findings could imply that, in order to achieve improvements in pulse wave velocity, exercise should be performed on a daily basis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Acute Effect of Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Subjects: A Meta-Analysis

Saz‐Lara

Cavero‐Redondo

Álvarez‐Bueno

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…Traditionally, both arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis have been considered good predictors of increased cardiovascular risk [ 9 ]. Arterial stiffness is one of the first changes detected in the wall of arteries, in both function and structure, playing an important role in CVD [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Advanced Glycation End Products in Skin Associated with Vascular Dysfunction Markers? A Meta-Analysis

Saz‐Lara

Álvarez‐Bueno

Martínez‐Vizcaíno

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Evidence exists regarding the association between advanced glycation end products and different cardiovascular disease subclinical processes, such as arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis. With this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to provide a synthesis of the evidence regarding the association of arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity and atherosclerosis measured by carotid intima media thickness with skin autofluorescence. A systematic search was performed using: MEDLINE (PubMed), SCOPUS, and Web of Science, until 30 March 2020. Cross-sectional studies or baseline data from prospective longitudinal studies were considered. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to calculate the pooled estimates of correlation coefficients and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness with skin autofluorescence. Twenty-five studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, including 6306 subjects. The pooled correlation coefficient was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.31) for pulse wave velocity and skin autofluorescence, and 0.31 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.38) for carotid intima media thickness and skin autofluorescence. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide a synthesis of the evidence showing a positive weak association of pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness with skin autofluorescence.

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“…Normal or accelerated vascular aging and hypertension are two main factors determining arterial stiffness because they are basically related to the change of the arterial media [ 1 ]. However, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking in addition to vascular aging and hypertension, all of which are shared common risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD), may also change the mechanical properties of the arterial wall to make a stiff artery [ 2 ]. In a stiff arterial system, the velocities of the incident flow and the backward reflection flow are rapid enough for the early return of reflected waves during arterial systole rather than diastole, and the incident and reflected pressure waves are summed to increase aortic or central systolic pressure, but decrease central diastolic pressure, resulting in widened central pulse pressure [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of changes of pulse wave velocity and augmentation index after isometric handgrip exercise with coronary lesion extent and revascularization

Kim

Beom

et al. 2021

Clin Hypertens

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Background Arterial stiffness is associated with myocardial ischemia and incident coronary artery disease (CAD), and indexes of arterial stiffness are usually increased in patients with CAD. However, these indexes are often increased in elderly without CAD. Arterial stiffness in patients with CAD may become more evident after isometric handgrip exercise which increases systolic pressure and ventricular afterload. We investigated the association of the change of stiffness indexes after isometric handgrip exercise with the lesion extent of CAD and the necessity for coronary revascularization. Methods Patients who were scheduled a routine coronary angiography via a femoral artery were enrolled. Arterial waveforms were traced at aortic root and external iliac artery using coronary catheters at baseline and 3 min after handgrip exercise. Augmentation index (AIx) was measured on the recorded aortic pressure waveform, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) was calculated using the ECG-gated time difference of the upstroke of arterial waveforms and distance between aortic root and external iliac artery. Results Total 37 patients were evaluated. Both PWV and AIx increased after handgrip exercise. ΔPWV was significantly correlated with ΔAIx (r = 0.344, P = 0.037). Patients were divided into higher and lower ΔPWV or ΔAIx groups based on the median values of 0.4 m/sec and 3.3%, respectively. Patients with higher PWV had more 2- or 3-vessel CAD (69% vs. 27%, P = 0.034), and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) more frequently (84% vs. 50%, P = 0.038), but higher ΔAIx was not associated with either the lesion extent or PCI. Area under curve (AUC) of ΔPWV in association with PCI by C-statistics was 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51–0.88; P = 0.056). In multiple logistic regression analysis, ΔPWV was significantly associated with PCI (odds ratio 7.78; 95% CI 1.26–48.02; P = 0.027). Conclusions Higher ΔPWV after isometric handgrip exercise was associated with the lesion extent of CAD and the necessity for coronary revascularization, but higher ΔAIx was not.

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Arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk

Cited by 40 publications

References 11 publications

The Acute Effect of Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Subjects: A Meta-Analysis

The Acute Effect of Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Subjects: A Meta-Analysis

Are Advanced Glycation End Products in Skin Associated with Vascular Dysfunction Markers? A Meta-Analysis

Association of changes of pulse wave velocity and augmentation index after isometric handgrip exercise with coronary lesion extent and revascularization

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