Arterial Stiffness and Adult Onset Vasculitis: A Systematic Review

Gullo, Alberto Lo; Giuffrida, Clemente; Morace, Carmela; Squadrito, Giovanni; Lio, P. Magnano San; Ricciardi, Luisa; Salvarani, Carlo; Mandraffino, Giuseppe

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.824630

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The study did not assess the effect of changing therapies on the PWV reproducibility in patients, which could have occurred over a longer follow-up period. Drugs being introduced or changes in dosage after the baseline PWV measurement has been taken (e.g., sartans, which affect the arteries differently than calcium antagonists, statins, or diabetic therapies do) may affect this reproducibility [ 51 , 52 ]. Future studies should investigate these pharmacological effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Is the Smallest Change in Pulse Wave Velocity Measurements That Can Be Attributed to Clinical Changes in Arterial Stiffness with Certainty: A Randomized Cross-Over Study

Podrug

Šunjić

Koren

et al. 2023

JCDD

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Pulse wave velocity (PWV), a direct measure of arterial stiffness, is a promising biomarker of cardiovascular risk and a cardiovascular surrogate outcome. The resolution for detecting its smallest clinically significant change is dependent on the expected reproducibility, but there is currently no consensus on this. We estimated the PWV reproducibility in a range of intra-subject values that were observed over a 2 week period in a broad range of participants and under clinically relevant experimental conditions (two observers, morning/afternoon sessions, and number of visits) using SphygmoCor and Arteriograph devices. Each participant was recorded 12 times with each device over three visits, one week apart, and two morning and two afternoon recordings were taken per visit. The factors affecting reproducibility and the discrepancies between the consecutive PWV measurements for each device were also examined using multilevel mixed-effect models. We show that current PWV estimation guidance recommending 2 + 1 measurements is suboptimal because the PWV range was outside of the 1 m/s threshold for most of the participants, which is proposed as a minimal clinically important difference. The best reproducibility was yielded with median of four measurements and a 1.1 m/s threshold. Although PWV reproducibility and repeatability are frequently used interchangeably in studies, we demonstrated that despite their relative measures of variability (e.g., coefficient of variation) being comparable, their ranges revealed a clinically significant difference between them. We also found that different physiological variables were predictors of the discrepancy between the consecutive measurements made by the two devices, which is likely due to their distinct modes of operation. The evidence base for PWV reproducibility is limited, and more research is needed to deepen our understanding of the variation in arterial stiffness over time, as well as fluctuations within a population group and in an intervention setting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Is the Smallest Change in Pulse Wave Velocity Measurements That Can Be Attributed to Clinical Changes in Arterial Stiffness with Certainty: A Randomized Cross-Over Study

Podrug

Šunjić

Koren

et al. 2023

JCDD

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“…A recent study focused on developing indices via pulse analysis to distinguish subjects with different diseases which may induce changes along blood vessels. For example, diseases including hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and inflammatory rheumatic diseases have been studied to detect the effects of diseases on arterial elasticity or peripheral vascular resistance by BP pulse velocity and various waveform index analyses ( 28 – 30 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of sarcopenia subjects in arterial pulse spectrum analysis

Young

Hsiu

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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AimsSarcopenia is significantly associated with the number of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, however, the underlying pathophysiological processes are largely unknown. This study performed harmonic index of finger photoplethysmography (PPG) waveforms with the aims of distinguishing different arterial pulse waveform signals between sarcopenia, presarcopenia, dynapenia, and healthy subjects.MethodsSixty-eight subjects were enrolled and obtained 1-min PPG signals, then were assigned to four age-matched groups: control, dynapenia, presarcopenia, and sarcopenia which definition according to Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS): 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment. Harmonics 1–10 of the PPG waveform were obtained and calculated each of the amplitude proportions (Cn), standard deviations (SDn), coefficients of variations (CVn), and vascular elasticity index (VEI) for to evaluating the blood-pressure harmonic variability.ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenia in women gender (8 out of 9, 88.9%, p = 0.046) and osteoporosis in dynapenia (7 out of 16, 43.8%, p = 0.005) were significant higher. Among the four groups, compared with control, dynapenia, and presarcopenia, sarcopenia had largest SDn-values for harmonics 1, 2, 3, and 5 (ratio 1, 2, 3, 5 = 0.354, 0.209, 0.137, 0.074); whereas sarcopenia had largest coefficients of variations (CVn) values for harmonics 1, 2, 3 and 10 (ratio 1, 2, 3, 10 = 0.263, 0.310, 0.402, 0.791). Besides, the Δ odds ratio of ratio 3, 4,and 6 tertile values were significantly increased in sarcopenia and possible sarcopenia group compared with control group. Subjects with sarcopenia had significantly higher VEI in mean, SD, and CV of the PPG waveform (mean = 2.332, SD = 1.479, CV = 0.634, p = 0.007) among the groups and the results of binary logistic regression analysis in the tertiles met statistical significance between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups whether adjusted or unadjusted (adjusted odds ratio 6.956, p = 0.030, unadjusted odds ratio 3.937, p = 0.039).ConclusionsThe elasticity of vessels among sarcopenia groups in lower-frequency components of harmonic ratio in which we defined as VEI showed a significantly highest VEI mean, SD, and CV in sarcopenia indicates the poorer elasticity of the arteries. The present findings showed finger PPG waveform measurements may be useful for early detection of vascular diseases with patients with sarcopenia in a non-invasive and easy-to-perform technique which may expand the clinical applicability in the future.

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“…Arterial wall rigidity is considered to be an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular morbidity/mortality within several clinical settings. These include hypertension, overweight status/ morbid obesity (3), diabetes, end-stage renal-disease, lipid disorders (4), elderly age, cerebrovascular events and cognitive decline (5), inflammatory rheumatic/autoimmune diseases, vasculitis (6) and viral infections such as COVID-19 (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulse wave analysis measurements: important, underestimated and undervalued parameters in cardiovascular health problems

Claessens,

Peeters,

Claessens

et al. 2023

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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BackgroundCentral aortic stiffness is established as a reliable measure of cardiovascular disease. While pulse wave velocity (PWV) analysis measures arterial distensibility, risk profile of cardiovascular diseases can be expanded with following pulse wave analysis measurements: central aortic systolic blood pressure (CABPS), central aortic pulse pressure (CAPP), central aortic reflection magnitude (CARM), central aortic augmented pressure (CAAP) and central aortic augmentation index (CAAIx). The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical usefulness and importance of pulse wave analysis measurements in specific cardiovascular conditions and diseases, both in term of diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring.MethodsOne thousand sixty-six subjects were included. According to age bracket, four cohorts were investigated—healthy subjects (NL), hypertensive patients (HP), ischemic heart disease (IHD) and valvular heart disease (VHD) patients. Arterial stiffness was analyzed through Sphygmocor XCEL Central Blood Pressure Measurement System and Sphygmocor XCEL PWV Measurement System. Furthermore we observed the pulse wave analysis measurements of 14 patients with diagnose of ADHD who were referred by a child psychiatrist, in order to investigate the initiation of methylphenidate treatment.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found between NL and HP cohorts, across almost all age brackets, regarding pulse wave analysis measurements. In the risk stratification of arterial stiffness hypertension and especially central aortic blood pressure systolic (CABPS) seems a determining factor. Pulse wave analysis measurements for IHD and VHD cohort comparisons with NL counterparts, revealed non- statistically significant variations. Elevated CAAP, CAAIx and CARM within the youngest age group (0–10 years) in attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) patients warrant attention.ConclusionsFollowing such investigations, CABPS appears as a robust predominant factor in problems of arterial stiffness. Pulse wave analysis and PWV are important parameters in the evaluation and monitoring of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. There is a hypothesis that CAAP could be an important and even decisive parameter in the diagnosis of ADHD. Further investigation needed.

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Arterial Stiffness and Adult Onset Vasculitis: A Systematic Review

Cited by 6 publications

References 89 publications

What Is the Smallest Change in Pulse Wave Velocity Measurements That Can Be Attributed to Clinical Changes in Arterial Stiffness with Certainty: A Randomized Cross-Over Study

What Is the Smallest Change in Pulse Wave Velocity Measurements That Can Be Attributed to Clinical Changes in Arterial Stiffness with Certainty: A Randomized Cross-Over Study

Characteristics of sarcopenia subjects in arterial pulse spectrum analysis

Pulse wave analysis measurements: important, underestimated and undervalued parameters in cardiovascular health problems

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