Arterial pulsation—dependent perivascular cerebrospinal fluid flow into the central canal in the sheep spinal cord

Stoodley, Marcus A.; Brown, Susan; Brown, Christopher J.; Jones, Nigel R.

doi:10.3171/jns.1997.86.4.0686

Cited by 123 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, the capacity of such conduits is controversial, and an adequate pump to drive fluid through such conduits is likely not present. Rennels et al [67] showed and Stoodley et al [68] confirmed that horseradish peroxidase infused into the subarachnoid CSF enters the perivascular spaces around arterioles, reaching the capillary basement lamina within a few minutes-too rapidly to be explained by diffusion. This rapid influx does not occur if arterial pulsations are abolished by either occlusion or partial ligation of the large arterial trunks.…”

Section: The Need For a New Theory Of Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 90%

The pathogenesis of syringomyelia associated with lesions at the foramen magnum: a critical review of existing theories and proposal of a new hypothesis

Levine¹

2004

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

184

161

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Section: The Need For a New Theory Of Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 90%

The pathogenesis of syringomyelia associated with lesions at the foramen magnum: a critical review of existing theories and proposal of a new hypothesis

Levine¹

2004

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

184

161

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“…16 On the other hand, Ball and Dayan 17 proposed that CSF enters the syrinx through the spinal perivascular space of Virchow-Robin. The studies of Heiss et al 18 and Stoodley et al 19 used this hypothesis as a basis for explaining the pathophysiology of syringomyelia. According to Chang and Nakagawa, 20,21 the formation of the syrinx is caused by CSF pressure gradients inside and outside the spinal cord.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial Adhesive Arachnoiditis Associated with Syringomyelia

Pasoglou¹,

Janin²,

Tebache³

et al. 2014

American Journal of Neuroradiology

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SUMMARY:Adhesive arachnoiditis is a rare condition, often complicated by syringomyelia. This pathologic entity is usually associated with prior spinal surgery, spinal inflammation or infection, and hemorrhage. The usual symptoms of arachnoiditis are pain, paresthesia, and weakness of the low extremities due to the nerve entrapment. A few cases have had no obvious etiology. Previous studies have reported one family with multiple cases of adhesive arachnoiditis. We report a second family of Belgian origin with multiple cases of arachnoiditis and secondary syringomyelia in the affected individuals.

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“…There is evidence that CSF does flow into the spinal parenchyma from the subarachnoid space via perivascular spaces. 42,43 There is also an increase in the flow of CSF into the cord at the level of arachnoiditis. 11,12 Given this, it is possible that AQP4 is facilitating the removal of fluid from the syrinx, but is unable to keep up with the influx of CSF into the spinal parenchyma.…”

Section: Aqp4 In Post-traumatic Syringomyeliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquaporin-4 Expression in Post-Traumatic Syringomyelia

Hemley

Bilston

Cheng

et al. 2013

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is an astroglial water channel protein that plays an important role in the transmembrane movement of water within the central nervous system. AQP4 has been implicated in numerous pathological conditions involving abnormal fluid accumulation, including spinal cord edema following traumatic injury. AQP4 has not been studied in posttraumatic syringomyelia, a condition that cannot be completely explained by current theories of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. Alterations of AQP4 expression or function may contribute to the fluid imbalance leading to syrinx formation or enlargement. The aim of this study was to examine AQP4 expression levels and distribution in an animal model of posttraumatic syringomyelia. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to assess AQP4 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in an excitotoxic amino acid/arachnoiditis model of post-traumatic syringomyelia in SpragueDawley rats. At all time-points, GFAP-positive astrocytes were observed in tissue surrounding syrinx cavities, although western blot analysis demonstrated an overall decrease in GFAP expression, except at the latest stage investigated. AQP4 expression was significantly higher at the level of syrinx at three and six weeks following the initial syrinx induction surgery. Significant increases in AQP4 expression also were observed in the upper cervical cord, rostral to the syrinx except in the acute stage of the condition at the three-day time-point. Immunostaining showed that AQP4 was expressed around all syrinx cavities, most notably adjacent to a mature syrinx (six-and 12-week time-point). This suggests a relationship between AQP4 and fluid accumulation in post-traumatic syringomyelia. However, whether this is a causal relationship or occurs in response to an increase in fluid needs to be established.

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Arterial pulsation—dependent perivascular cerebrospinal fluid flow into the central canal in the sheep spinal cord

Cited by 123 publications

References 29 publications

The pathogenesis of syringomyelia associated with lesions at the foramen magnum: a critical review of existing theories and proposal of a new hypothesis

The pathogenesis of syringomyelia associated with lesions at the foramen magnum: a critical review of existing theories and proposal of a new hypothesis

Familial Adhesive Arachnoiditis Associated with Syringomyelia

Aquaporin-4 Expression in Post-Traumatic Syringomyelia

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