Arterial blood gas tensions during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Whorwell, Peter J.; Smith, Catherine L.; Foster, K. J.

doi:10.1136/gut.17.10.797

Cited by 62 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This fall in 02 tension occurs even when no intravenous diazepam is used (Whorwell et al, 1976;Rostykus et al, 1980;Lieberman et al, 1985), but is more marked and protracted if intravenous diazepam had been given first (Lieberman et al, 1985) particularly if combined with other premedication (Atluri & Ravry, 1978;Rozen et al, 1982) or a large diameter endoscope is employed (Lieberman et al, 1985, Rozen et al, 1981, 1982). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, there have been at least eight studies of the effect of diazepam on arterial oxygen tension during endoscopy. Three of these studies have, as in the present study, used an ear oximeter (Atluri & Ravry, 1978;Rostykus et al, 1980;Lieberman et al, 1985) while the other five have relied on multiple arterial punctures (Whorwell et al, 1976;Ona & Israel, 1981;Rozen et al, 1982;Pecora et al, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Intravenous midazolam: a study of the degree of oxygen desaturation occurring during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Bell

Reeve

Moshiri

et al. 1987

Brit J Clinical Pharma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intravenous midazolam (mean dose of 6.3 mg) was given to 100 consecutive patients coming to endoscopy. All patients had an ear oximeter attached throughout the procedure to record continuously their levels of oxygen saturation. Eighty‐five of the 100 patients had pre‐ endoscopy respiratory function tests measured, and 82 wore an induction plethysmograph vest to get a continuous qualitative estimate of respiratory rate and excursion throughout the procedure. Following intravenous midazolam a reduction in respiratory excursion was observed in 80% of patients. The initial baseline oxygen saturation of 95.4% fell 3.3% (P less than 0.0005) following intravenous midazolam to 92.1%. During the endoscopic procedure there was a further 3.1% decrease in oxygen saturation to 89.0% (P less than 0.0005) and in 7% the level fell to below 80%. Age, sex, dose of midazolam given and pre‐ endoscopy respiratory function tests failed to identify those patients at risk of hypoxia during the endoscopy.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenous midazolam: a study of the degree of oxygen desaturation occurring during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Bell

Reeve

Moshiri

et al. 1987

Brit J Clinical Pharma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the effect of sedation on SaO_ is still much debated. Some have reported that diazepam sedation led to greater falls in saturation, particularly during the intubation procedure, [4] while as, some feel that sedation by diazepam or midazolam did not induce further desaturation over their respective control groups [3,6,7]. These conflicting observations could be due to the result of the lack of well controlled time course studies as also the wide variety of sedatives use in the endoscopic procedures [3].…”

Section: Parameters Studiedmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Several previous studies have shown that hypoxia occurs during EGD, which has been attributed variously to pre-treatment, the presence of [3,4,[6][7][8][9]. However, the effect of sedation on SaO_ is still much debated.…”

Section: Parameters Studiedmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Diazepam Sedation on Arterial Oxygen Saturation and Patient Tolerance During Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Malik

Mubarik

Kadla

et al. 1996

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The impact of intravenous (I/V) diazepam sedation on arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and patient tolerance was studied in 100 patients in the age group of years, who were subjected to esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for different indications. Equal number of patients in the same age group, who did not receive the sedation acted as controls. It was observed that SaO2 showed a transient fall during the first few minutes of the endoscopic procedure even without sedation and diazepam administration did not significantly (p > 0.05) aggravate this oxygen desaturation. It was also observed that diazepam sedation increased the procedure tolerance of the patients when compared with controls (p < 0.01). In conclusion, it was inferred that I/V diazepam may act as a safe and favourable sedative for EGD.

show abstract

“…Arterial hypoxaemia during OGD is well documented for both diazepam (Whorwell et al, 1976;Atluri et al, 1978;Rostykus et al, 1980;Ona & Israel, 1981;Rosen et al, 1981Rosen et al, , 1982Pecora et al, 1984;Lieberman et al, 1985) and midazolam (Bell et al, 1987a). Although there have been several studies comparing midazolam and diazepam as intravenous sedation for OGD (Al-Khudhairi et al, 1982;Bardhan et al, 1984;Berggren etal., 1983;Brophy et al, 1982;Cole et al, 1983;Green et al, 1984;Kawar et al, 1984;Magni et al, 1983;Whitwam et al 1983), a comparison of their effects on ventilation and oxygen saturation has not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of diazepam and midazolam as endoscopy premedication assessing changes in ventilation and oxygen saturation.

Bell

Morden

Coady

et al. 1988

Brit J Clinical Pharma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1 One hundred and two consecutive patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomised to be sedated with either intravenous diazepam (Diazemuls-Kabi Vitrum) or intravenous midazolam (Hypnovel-Roche). It was assumed that midazolam was likely to be approximately twice as potent as diazepam on the basis of previous work. 2 All patients had an ear oximeter attached throughout the procedure to record continuously their level of oxygen saturation. 3 All 102 patients had pre-endoscopy respiratory function tests measured and 100 wore an induction plethysmograph vest to allow continuous estimation of respiratory rate and excursion. The plethysmograph was calibrated using a pneumotachygraph, so baseline, post-injection and post-endoscopy minute volumes could be estimated. 4 The age, sex ratio and pre-endoscopy respiratory function tests of the 51 patients given intravenous diazepam in a mean dose (s.d.) of 11.5 (5.8) mg over a mean of 3.4 (0.9) min) were similar to that of the 51 patients sedated with intravenous midazolam (mean dose 6.0 (2.8) mg over 3.3 (0.9) min. 5 Both drugs significantly reduced minute volume (P < 0.001) and oxygen saturation (P < 0.001). Midazolam appeared to produce slightly greater hypoxaemia with 57% having falls in oxygen saturation of greater than 2.5% compared with only 35% given an equivalent dose of diazepam. 6 Ventilation was still less than baseline when re-checked some minutes after removal of the gastroscope. The speed of recovery appeared faster after diazepam sedation which is in contrast to its longer pharmacological half-life. 7 Potentially dangerous falls in oxygen saturation were observed in five cases (three following diazepam and two midazolam), necessitating supplementary oxygen administration. The implications of these findings are discussed.

show abstract

Arterial blood gas tensions during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Cited by 62 publications

References 5 publications

Intravenous midazolam: a study of the degree of oxygen desaturation occurring during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Intravenous midazolam: a study of the degree of oxygen desaturation occurring during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Effect of Diazepam Sedation on Arterial Oxygen Saturation and Patient Tolerance During Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A comparison of diazepam and midazolam as endoscopy premedication assessing changes in ventilation and oxygen saturation.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About