Arter Kan Gazlari Ve Asi̇t Baz Dengesi̇

Abstract

The respiratory system is responsible for the supply of oxygen and the elimination of CO 2 . The fact that PaO 2 is below 80 mmHg is defined as hypoxemia. The most common pathophysiological cause of hypoxanemia is impaired ventilation perfusion rate. Hypoxemia is indicative of blood O 2 , whereas hypoxia is absence of O 2 at the tissue-level. Hypoxia is assessed noninvasively by pulse oximetry (target hemoglobin saturation value > 90% in oxygen therapy) or by invasively measuring arterial blood gas PaO 2 level. The objective criterion for ventilation is PaCO 2 (N= 35-45 mmHg). PaCO 2 increases in hypoventilation and decreases in hyperventilation. The most important factors that determine O 2 presentation to the tissues are heart rate and Hb level. The ratio of venoarterial CO 2 content difference to Arteriovenous O 2 content difference (C va CO 2 / D av O 2 ) is one of the most important measures of tissue oxygenation. Tissue oxygenation can be practically assessed by lactic acid level, and lactic acid levels above 2 mmol/L indicate impairment of tissue oxygenation. The presence of Venoarterial CO 2 difference (Pv-aCO 2 ) over 6 mmHg indicates that the decrease in heart rate contributed to tissue perfusion impairment in the patient with impaired tissue perfusion. Monitoring of sublingual microcirculation with videomicroscopic methods also provides information on tissue perfusion. Acid-base balance is very important in terms of body balance. The metabolites are metabolized to neutrals, such as glucose and H 2 O, while the volatile acids resulting from the metabolism are removed through the lungs as CO 2 and the non-volatile acids are removed from the kidneys by H + secretion.

Comparison of the patients with COVID-19 pre-diagnosis admitted to the emergency department in terms of acid-base imbalance

“…It is the duty of the respiratory system to meet the oxygen requirement of the cells and to remove the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) generated as a result of the metabolism. Partial CO 2 pressure (pCO2) increases in hypoventilation and decreases in hyperventilation (2). The kidneys play a key role in acid-base balance through bicarbonate reabsorption from the proximal tubules and excretion of nonvolatile acids from the distal tubulus.…”