Artemisia annua Leaf Extract Increases GLUT-4 Expression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The depletion of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) affects blood glucose level in the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patient. Herbals supplementation such as Artemisia annua is known to posses an antidiabetic potency, but its effect on long term glucose control marker, glicated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and muscle GLUT-4 expression still has not been investigated.METHODS: Twenty Wistar rats were divided into four groups (five rats per group). The C1 group was consist of healthy control rats and C2 group was consist of diabetic control rats. Diabetic condition was induced by giving high lard fat diet for 28 days, followed with 30 mg/kgBW of Streptozotocin injection at the 29th day. Meanwhile, T1 and T2 group were consist of diabetic rats, which were supplemented with 50 mg/kgBW and 100 mg/kgBW of Artemisia annua leaf extract, respectively. GLUT-4 expression and HbA1C level were measured at the 14th day post-treatment.RESULTS: The GLUT-4 was expressed 1.8 and two times higher in T1 and T2 group, respectively, compared to C2 group. Meanwhile, HbA1C level in C2 group was two times higher than C1 group (11.95±2.52 compared to 5.61±2.69, p<0.01). Further, the administration of 100 mg/ kgBW Artemisia annua extract caused a slight reduction of HbA1C (11.95±2.52 compared to 8.18±3.53, p>0.05)CONCLUSION: Muscle cell’s GLUT-4 in T1 and T2 group was expressed increasingly and significantly different compared to the C2 group. HbA1C level in T2 was slightly reduced although no significant different compared to C2 group.KEYWORDS: Artemisia annua, GLUT-4, HbA1C, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 Improves Pancreatic Histopathology in Streptozotocin-induced Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus Rats

“…The mixture of several probiotics strain may interfere the type-1 DM development trough controlling the inflammation, prevention of pancreatic β-cell death, increasing the production and expression of IL-10, that is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. (29,30)…”

Artemisia spp.: An Update on Its Chemical Composition, Pharmacological and Toxicological Profiles

“…This disease is incurable and once diagnosed requires lifelong treatment [ 119 ]. A. absinthium extracts showed an insulin-sensitizing action due to their role in adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) stimulation and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the cell surface of the muscle [ 120 ]. In diabetic rats treated with A. absinthium , the metabolic pathway shifted towards carbohydrate as a source of energy, preserving proteins and lipids while increasing their production, leading to preventing body weight loss [ 121 ].…”