Arsenolipids in marine oils and fats: A review of occurrence, chemistry and future research needs

Sele, Veronika; Sloth, Jens Jørgen; Lundebye, Anne‐Katrine; Larsen, Erik Huusfeldt; Berntssen, Marc H.G.; Amlund, Heidi

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.004

Cited by 113 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The arsenic detected in fish oils is most likely in the arsenolipids that are coextracted with the oil using the SFE and the other extraction methods. Previous studies (33,38) reported the presence of three arsenolipids in a marine phytoplankton, one of which was a phosphatide and the other two were proposed to be glycolipids. Kohlmeyer et al (20) suggested the possibility of arsenic binding to cholesterol or fat-soluble vitamins because these compounds are normally present in fish oil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Supercritical Fluid Extraction on the Reduction of Toxic Elements in Fish Oil Compared with Other Extraction Methods

Hajeb

Selamat

Afsah‐Hejri

et al. 2015

Journal of Food Protection

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High-quality fish oil for human consumption requires low levels of toxic elements. The aim of this study was to compare different oil extraction methods to identify the most efficient method for extracting fish oil of high quality with the least contamination. The methods used in this study were Soxhlet extraction, enzymatic extraction, wet reduction, and supercritical fluid extraction. The results showed that toxic elements in fish oil could be reduced using supercritical C 0 2 at a modest temperature (60°C) and pressure (35 MPa) with little reduction in the oil yield. There were significant reductions in mercury (85 to 100%), cadmium (97 to 100%), and lead (100%) content of the fish oil extracted using the supercritical fluid extraction method. The fish oil extracted using conventional methods contained toxic elements at levels much higher than the accepted limits of 0.1 pg/g.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Supercritical Fluid Extraction on the Reduction of Toxic Elements in Fish Oil Compared with Other Extraction Methods

Hajeb

Selamat

Afsah‐Hejri

et al. 2015

Journal of Food Protection

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“…Although scarce information is available regarding the toxicity of arsenosugars and arsenolipids, concerns have been expressed about their potential toxicity because toxic intermediates may be produced during their biotransformation to DMA [14,129]. In a recent study on two arsenosugars, DMA (V)-sugar-glycerol and DMA (V)-sugar-sulfate, no 14 genotoxic or cytotoxic effects were found in cultured human bladder cells [130].…”

Section: Mechanisms and Toxicity Of Arsenic Compounds Occurring In Sementioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic in the human food chain, biotransformation and toxicology – Review focusing on seafood arsenic

Molin

Ulven

Meltzer

et al. 2015

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

194

105

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“…methylarsonate (MA), dimethylarsinate (DMA), arsenocholine and tetramethylarsonium ion, which are usually found only as minor constituents in marine samples and generally believed to be of minor toxicological concern [3]. Furthermore, arsenosugars are the predominant As compounds in algae [4], and in fatty fish, lipid-soluble As compounds (arsenolipids) have been reported as major forms of As [5]. The toxicity data on arsenosugars are limited but indicate a low human toxicity, and for arsenolipids, data on their toxicity are still lacking [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 Examples of arsenic compounds found in the marine environment For simplicity, the compounds are depicted in their fully deprotonated form. Names and acronyms are as proposed by Francesconi and Kuehnelt [2] and Sele et al [5] The same need for development of validated methods of analysis for specific determination of iAs has also been emphasised by EFSA (2009) [3] and WHO (2011) [11] in their recent evaluations. The reason for absence of regulatory limits for iAs has been described in the context of a so-called "vicious circle", where the various activities in the process towards legislation on species (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of an SPE HG-AAS method for determination of inorganic arsenic in samples of marine origin

et al. 2012

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The present paper describes a novel method for the quantitative determination of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in food and feed of marine origin. The samples were subjected to microwave-assisted extraction using diluted hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide, which solubilised the analytes and oxidised arsenite (As(III)) to arsenate (As(V)). Subsequently, a pH buffering of the sample extract at pH 6 enabled selective elution of As(V) from a strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. Hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) was applied to quantify the concentration of iAs (sum of As(III) and As(V)) as the total arsenic (As) in the SPE eluate. The results of the in-house validation showed that mean recoveries of 101-104% were achieved for samples spiked with iAs at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg·kg(-1), respectively. The limit of detection was 0.08 mg kg(-1), and the repeatability (RSD(r)) and intra-laboratory reproducibility (RSD(IR)) were less than 8% and 13%, respectively, for samples containing 0.2 to 1.5 mg kg(-1) iAs. The trueness of the SPE HG-AAS method was verified by confirming results obtained by parallel analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It was demonstrated that the two sets of results were not significantly different (P < 0.05). The SPE HG-AAS method was applied to 20 marine food and feed samples, and concentrations of up to 0.14 mg kg(-1) of iAs were detected.

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Arsenolipids in marine oils and fats: A review of occurrence, chemistry and future research needs

Cited by 113 publications

References 76 publications

Effect of Supercritical Fluid Extraction on the Reduction of Toxic Elements in Fish Oil Compared with Other Extraction Methods

Effect of Supercritical Fluid Extraction on the Reduction of Toxic Elements in Fish Oil Compared with Other Extraction Methods

Arsenic in the human food chain, biotransformation and toxicology – Review focusing on seafood arsenic

Development and validation of an SPE HG-AAS method for determination of inorganic arsenic in samples of marine origin

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