Arsenic trioxide and all‐trans retinoic acid treatment for childhood acute promyelocytic leukaemia

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A History over 60 Years—From the Most Malignant to the most Curable Form of Acute Leukemia

“…Despite the dramatic improvement achieved in frontline therapy of childhood APL with the combination of ATRA and anthracycline-based regimens, relapse and chemotherapy-associated side effects still represent non-negligible causes of treatment failure and morbidity [251]. A frontline treatment approach based on the ATRA-ATO combination has been explored in a limited number of pediatric patients [252][253][254]. All patients achieved molecular CR after a median time of 10 weeks but experienced hyperleukocytosis, which could require the administration of chemotherapy or hydroxycarbamine [253,254].…”

“…A frontline treatment approach based on the ATRA-ATO combination has been explored in a limited number of pediatric patients [252][253][254]. All patients achieved molecular CR after a median time of 10 weeks but experienced hyperleukocytosis, which could require the administration of chemotherapy or hydroxycarbamine [253,254]. A prospective multicenter European trial from the International Consortium for Childhood APL is ongoing.…”

Outcome of relapsed/refractory acute promyelocytic leukaemia in children, adolescents and young adult patients — a 25‐year Italian experience

“…5 Key features of this group include the expression of typical proliferation genes and an adverse clinical outcome. 6 The evolutionary behaviour of MM is now more clearly understood as is the natural history of MM which is associated with increasingly short periods of remission. We hypothesized that this natural history is a result of the acquisition of high-risk transcriptional patterns.…”

“…[1][2][3] The recent front-line arsenic trioxide (ATO)-based regimens have further improved the APL outcome by reducing toxicity and preventing relapse. [4][5][6] Relapsed APL patients are a rare and heterogeneous group, whose prognosis depends on front-line treatment and time elapsing between diagnosis and recurrence. Currently, ATO is the treatment of choice for relapsed APL.…”

“…Fabio Timeus 5 Concetta Micalizzi 6 Luca Lo Nigro 7 Nicola Santoro 8 Riccardo Masetti 9 Maria Vittoria Micheletti 10 Ottavio Ziino 11 Daniela Onofrillo 12 Saverio Ladogana 13 Caterina Putti 14 Paolo Pierani 15 Valentina Arena 2 Marco Zecca 16 Robin Fo a 1 Franco Locatelli 17,18 1 Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 2 GIMEMA Foundation, Rome, 3…”