Arsenic Speciation Analysis in Water Samples: A Review of The Hyphenated Techniques

Abstract

Interests in the determination of different arsenic species in natural waters is caused by the fact that toxic effects of arsenic are connected with its chemical forms and oxidation states. In determinations of water samples inorganic arsenate (As(III), As(V)), methylated metabolities (MMAA, DMAA) and other organic forms such as AsB, AsC, arsenosugars or arsenic containing lipids have the most importance. This article provides information about occurrence of the dominant arsenic forms in various water environments. The main factors controlling arsenic speciation in water are described. The quantification of species is difficult because the concentrations of different forms in water samples are relatively low compared to the detection limits of the available analytical techniques. Several hyphenated methods used in arsenic speciation analysis are described. Specific advantages and disadvantages of methods can define their application for a particular sample analysis. Insufficient selectivity and sensitivity of arsenic speciation methods cause searching for a new or modifications already existing techniques. Some aspects of improvement and modifications of the methods are highlighted.

Arsenic Speciation Analysis in Human Saliva

“…Furthermore, correlation coefficients between arsenic species in saliva and total arsenic in drinking water were As III 0.470, As V 0.589, MMA V 0.663, and DMA V 0.485 (P Ͻ0.001 for all). Arsenic in drinking water is mostly in inorganic forms, As V and As III (31)(32)(33)(34)(35). Various organic arsenic species are present in food (34 -35 ).…”

Accumulation of arsenic in plants from arsenic contaminated irrigation water

“…Oluşan kirliliğin ana kaynağı, doğal As olmasına rağmen, madencilik, elektrolitik süreç, fosil yakıtların yakılması, kentsel atıklar, tıbbi kullanım, arıtma çamuru, gübreler, pigmentler, biyosidler, bitki kurutucular, cam ve alaşımlar gibi çeşitli süreçler yapay olarak arseniğin yayılmasına neden olmaktadır. [8], [12], [18], [19].…”

Sequential Injection Anodic Stripping Voltammetry at Tubular Gold Electrodes for Inorganic Arsenic Speciation

“…Anion-exchange chromatographic techniques have been used for inorganic arsenic speciation analysis. A gradient elution using ammonium phosphate as mobile phase allows the resolution of As(III) and As(V) from organoarsenic species (Terlecka, 2005). Speciation of trace levels of arsenic in environmental samples requires high sensitivity, then the use of HPLC-MS with electrospray ionization, or HPLC-ICP-MS are often needed (B'Hymer & Caruso, 2004).…”