Arsenic-induced enhancement of ultraviolet radiation carcinogenesis in mouse skin: a dose-response study.

Burns, Fredric J.; Uddin, Ahmed; Wu, Feng; Nádas, Arthur; Rossman, Toby G.

doi:10.1289/ehp.6655

Cited by 106 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, we have no explanation for why this protective effect was observed only among men, although it is possible that the gender interaction is a marker for some unmeasured exposure that occurs more frequently in men than in women. For example, some recent animal studies have shown an interaction between arsenic and UV in the development of skin lesions (46,47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Specific Protective Effect of Hemoglobin on Arsenic-Induced Skin Lesions

Breton¹,

Houseman

Kile

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Chronic arsenic poisoning remains a public health crisis in Bangladesh. As arsenic has been shown to bind to human hemoglobin (Hb), hematologic mechanisms may play a role in the pathway through which arsenic exerts its toxicity. Two separate studies, a case-control and a cohort, were conducted to investigate the role of Hb in the development of arsenic-induced skin lesions. In the first, conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the effect of Hb on skin lesions among 900 case-control pairs from Pabna, Bangladesh, in which individuals were matched on gender, age, and location. In the second, mixed linear regression models were used to examine the association between toenail arsenic, urinary arsenic, and Hb within a cohort of 184 individuals from 50 families in the same region who did not have arsenic-induced skin lesions. Hb was significantly associated with skin lesions but this association was gender specific. In males, a 40% reduction in the odds of skin lesions occurred for every 1 g/dL increase in Hb (odds ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.73). No effect was observed for females (odds ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.46). In the cohort of 184 individuals, no associations between toenail arsenic or urinary arsenic species and Hb levels were observed. Low Hb levels may exacerbate the detrimental health effects of chronic arsenic poisoning. Whereas providing clean water remains the optimal solution to Bangladesh's problem of arsenic poisoning, improving nutrition and reducing iron-deficiency anemia may ameliorate negative health effects, such as skin lesions in individuals who have been exposed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Specific Protective Effect of Hemoglobin on Arsenic-Induced Skin Lesions

Breton¹,

Houseman

Kile

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Other animal studies indicate that in skin inorganic arsenic acts as an enhancer with other carcinogens. Thus in mice sodium arsenite (≥1.25 mg/L in drinking water) is cocarcinogenic with solar ultraviolet (UV) light (Rossman et al, 2001, Burns et al, 2004 and arsenate (25 mg/L in drinking water ad libitum for a period of 25 weeks) is cocarcinogenic with 9,10 dimethyl 1-2-benzanthracene (DMBA) (Motiwale et al, 2005). …”

Section: Inorganic Arsenicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Arsenic in Food

2009

EFSA Journal

856

220

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The EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) assessed the risks to human health related to the presence of arsenic in food. More than 100,000 occurrence data on arsenic in food were considered with approximately 98 % reported as total arsenic. Making a number of assumptions for the contribution of inorganic arsenic to total arsenic, the inorganic arsenic exposure from food and water across 19 European countries, using lower bound and upper bound concentrations, has been estimated to range from 0.13 to 0.56 µg/kg bodyweight (b.w.) per day for average consumers, and from 0.37 to 1.22 µg/kg b.w. per day for 95 th percentile consumers. Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic for children under three years of age is in general estimated to be from 2 to 3-fold that of adults. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of 15 µg/kg b.w. established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) is no longer appropriate as data had shown that inorganic arsenic causes cancer of the lung and urinary bladder in addition to skin, and that a range of adverse effects had been reported at exposures lower than those reviewed by the JECFA. The CONTAM Panel modelled the dose-response data from key for providing consumption information and calculating exposure, the partners of the EFSA project on the "Individual food consumption data and exposure" coordinated by Ghent University (Department of Public Health, University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium), and RIKILT (Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen, The Netherlands) for the accessibility of the exposure assessment tools. 4 Table of contents shows now the fourth level of subheadings. 5 An error in the interpretation of the total number of the population in the study of Rahman et al. (2006a) was discovered (Table 41). The BMDL was recalculated and as a consequence it was not considered a potential reference point. The text in the opinion, Table 43 and Appendix were revised accordingly. In addition, the header of the "total number of cases" was replaced by "total number of individuals" in Tables 40-42 and the erroneous units were corrected to µg/L in the text below SUMMARYArsenic is a metalloid that occurs in different inorganic and organic forms, which are found in the environment both from natural occurrence and from anthropogenic activity. The inorganic forms of arsenic are more toxic as compared to the organic arsenic but so far most of the occurrence data in food collected in the framework of official food control are still reported as total arsenic without differentiating the various arsenic species. The need for speciation data is evident because several investigations have shown that especially in seafood most of the arsenic is present in organic forms that are less toxic. Consequently, a risk assessment not taking into account the different species but considering total arsenic as being present exclusively as inorganic arsenic would lead to a considerable overestimation of the health risk rel...

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“…Tumors occurring in mice given UVR plus arsenite appeared earlier (time to first tumour < 60 d vs > 80 d after UVR exposure alone) and were much larger than in mice given UVR alone. Mice, Skh-1 (F) 182 d Burns et al (2004) Number at start (NR) Mice were fed sodium arsenite continuously in drinkingwater starting at 21 d of age at concentrations of 0.0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10 mg/L. At 42 d of age, solar spectrum UVR exposures were applied every other d (3 ×/wk) to the dorsal skin at 1.0 kJ/m 2 per exposure until the experiment ended at 182 d.…”

Section: Target Organ Incidence And/or Multiplicity Of Tumours (%) Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PKCε transgenic mice were observed to be highly sensitive to the development of papilloma-independent metastatic squamous cell carcinomas elicited by repeated exposure to UVR (Wheeler et al, 2004(Wheeler et al, , 2005. In studies using Skh-1 mice, exposure to UVR induced a statistically significant increase in the number of malignant skin tumours per mouse, mainly SCCs when compared to controls (Rossman et al, 2002;Burns et al, 2004;Davidson et al, 2004;Uddin et al, 2005Uddin et al, , 2007. Dietary polyunsaturated fat enhances the development of UVR-induced tumours in Skh-1 mice, this enhancement being mediated by a modulation of the immunosuppression caused by chronic UV irradiation (Reeve et al, 1996).…”

Section: Target Organ Incidence And/or Multiplicity Of Tumours (%) Comentioning

confidence: 99%