Abstract:The presence of high levels of carcinogenic metalloid arsenic (As) in the groundwater system of Bangladesh has been considered as one of the major environmental disasters in this region. Many parts of Bangladesh have extensively reported the presence of high levels of arsenic in the groundwater due to both geological and anthropogenic activities. In this paper, we reviewed the available literature and scientific information regarding arsenic pollution in Bangladesh, including arsenic chemistry and occurrences.… Show more
“…For example, Chowdhury et al [74] , [75] observed that rice cultivated in Bangladesh, where the irrigation water had a high levels of As exhibited significantly higher total As content in the grain compared to rice cultivated non-As contaminated areas. Similarly, several studies have reported that rice samples from As-affected areas of West Bengal, India, had higher total As concentrations but lower proportions of methylated As species compared to rice samples from non-affected areas [76] , [77] . Fig.…”
Section: Uptake and Transport Of As In Rice Plantsmentioning
“…For example, Chowdhury et al [74] , [75] observed that rice cultivated in Bangladesh, where the irrigation water had a high levels of As exhibited significantly higher total As content in the grain compared to rice cultivated non-As contaminated areas. Similarly, several studies have reported that rice samples from As-affected areas of West Bengal, India, had higher total As concentrations but lower proportions of methylated As species compared to rice samples from non-affected areas [76] , [77] . Fig.…”
Section: Uptake and Transport Of As In Rice Plantsmentioning
“…Next, we demonstrated that P. putida and K. pneumoniae could act as bacterial sentinels for detecting arsenic. Arsenic is a prevalent and toxic heavy metal that is a global polluter of farmland 101 , 102 . We constructed an arsenic sensor by expressing the E. coli ArsR repressor 103 under control of a strong constitutive promoter (P LacIQ ) 93 and synthetic RBS 104 to ensure high levels of ArsR.…”
Plants and microbes communicate to collaborate to stop pests, scavenge nutrients, and react to environmental change. Microbiota consisting of thousands of species interact with each other and plants using a large chemical language that is interpreted by complex regulatory networks. In this work, we develop modular interkingdom communication channels, enabling bacteria to convey environmental stimuli to plants. We introduce a “sender device” in Pseudomonas putida and Klebsiella pneumoniae, that produces the small molecule p-coumaroyl-homoserine lactone (pC-HSL) when the output of a sensor or circuit turns on. This molecule triggers a “receiver device” in the plant to activate gene expression. We validate this system in Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum tuberosum (potato) grown hydroponically and in soil, demonstrating its modularity by swapping bacteria that process different stimuli, including IPTG, aTc and arsenic. Programmable communication channels between bacteria and plants will enable microbial sentinels to transmit information to crops and provide the building blocks for designing artificial consortia.
“…Similar to grain As content, the lowest and highest vegetable As is recorded in Matlab north and Faridganj, respectively. There is a significant correlation between soil As concentrations and the accumulation of As in rice grains [ 90 , 91 ]. Comparable patterns of arsenic uptake in plants cultivated in regions with high soil concentrations of As and irrigated by arsenic-rich groundwater have been discovered [ 92 , 93 ].…”
Arsenic (As) in groundwater and its accumulation in agricultural produces has caused serious threats to human health. The majority of current research on As mainly focuses on the technical aspects while bypassing the social perspectives. Farmers are the prime stakeholders as well as executors of agricultural strategies, and their adaptation largely depends on how they perceive the risk for which a mitigation strategy is proposed. This study aims to explore how rice and vegetable farmers perceive As accumulation in their rice and vegetables as well as explore current crop- and body-loading status, the subsequent health consequences of As, and alleviation possibilities with mitigation strategies and to investigate if there is an association between their socioeconomic status and their level of perception. Results reveal that one-fourth of the farmers gave a positive message regarding the As-contamination scenario in rice and vegetables. Although 10 farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics were positively significant, distinctive emphasis should be given to five predictor variables explaining 88% variances: knowledge, direct participation in farming, information sources used, participant education, and organizational participation. Path analysis depicts that direct participation in farming presents the highest positive total effect (0.855) and direct effect (0.503), whereas information sources show the highest positive indirect effect (0.624). The mean As content in all five locations was statistically significant at the 5%, 5%, 0.1%, 1%, and 1% probability levels in scalp hairs, rice, vegetables, soils, and irrigation water, respectively. The first principal component (PC1) explains 92.5% of the variation. Significant variations were primarily explained by As levels in irrigation water, rice grain, and soil. Farmers’ perception is far behind the actual field status of As level and its transfer. Therefore, intensified priorities should be administered on the farmers’ characteristics contributing to variances in perception. The findings can be utilized for policy formulation in all As-endemic nations. More multidisciplinary research can be undertaken on farmers’ attitude towards adopting As-mitigation techniques, with a focus on the socioeconomic position found to influence farmers’ perceptions.
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