Arsenic in Drinking Water Toxicological Risk Assessment in the North Region of Burkina Faso

Nzihou, Jean Fidèle; Bouda, Médard; Hamidou, Salou; Diarra, Jean

doi:10.4236/jwarp.2013.58a007

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, in affected countries, high-As concentrations were found only in some areas. For example, in Burkina Faso, high-As concentrations were found only in the northern region (Smedley et al 2007;Somé et al 2012;Nzihou et al 2013). In Botswana and Ethiopia, only the Okavango Delta and Rift Valley, respectively, seem be concerned with arsenic pollution (Reimann et al 2003;Huntsman-Mapila et al 2006;Rango et al 2010;Dsikowitzky et al 2013;Mladenov et al 2013;Rango et al 2013).…”

Section: Probable Extent Of As Contamination In Africamentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Indeed, they found that 52 % of the Removal efficiency is very low for As (III); high electrical energy needs to run the models; high operation and capital cost; pretreatment steps are often Harisha et al (2010); Mondal et al (2013) Reverse osmosis 0.2-0.5 mg L −1 99 % Gholami et al (2006); Mondal et al (2013) water samples exceeded the WHO guideline value (10 μg L −1 ) whilst no trace of arsenic was found in the samples of tomatoes, cabbages, and potatoes. Another publication (Nzihou et al 2013) has focused on the health risk related to medium-and long-term exposure to drinking water contaminated by arsenic. They built an exposure factor based on the arsenic concentration in drinking water.…”

Section: Health Hazard Linked To High-as Water In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Arsenic in African Waters: A Review

Ahoulé

Lalanne

Mendret

et al. 2015

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The review of studies on arsenic in African waters shows that arsenic can be found in high concentrations in both surface water and groundwater. Arsenic concentrations in African groundwater range between 0.02 and 1760 μg L −1 , whilst the level of arsenic in surface water is ranged up to 10,000 μg L −1 . This high level of arsenic in surface water is related to mining operations, agricultural drains, local sediments, disposal, and incineration of municipal and industrial wastes. However, mining activities remain the main source of surface water pollution. They have thereby a strong impact on the concentration of arsenic in the environment. As for groundwater, high levels of arsenic occur in natural conditions. It is due to the presence of iron oxides; sulphide minerals such as pyrite, arsenopyrite, and chalcopyrite; volcanic rocks; and geothermal waters. Few studies in Africa make the link between human health problems and high levels of arsenic in water. Only two articles were found dealing with arsenic remediation. This shows that arsenic, which constitutes a major public health issue in the world, has less interest in Africa although high concentrations of arsenic have been found in both surface water and groundwater in some African countries. Most of the studies carried out on arsenic issues in Africa are dedicated to the characterization and the quantification of the pollution, but studies on the risk to human health and treatment systems are limited. The arsenic issue in Africa needs special attention in order to avoid the problems experienced in some areas mainly in Asia.

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Section: Probable Extent Of As Contamination In Africamentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Health Hazard Linked To High-as Water In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic in African Waters: A Review

Ahoulé

Lalanne

Mendret

et al. 2015

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…As concentration with > 10 µg/L ranged from 35 × 10 For carcinogenic effects, considering 10 -4 as a limit for CR (7,12,13), the results are indicated that the individual in the rural regions of Kahak county are exposed to arsenic in drinking water. The concentration of 30 µg/L of arsenic are known to have a very high risk for cancer due to the fact that the cancer risk for the 2 group are more than 7.6 and 42 times the EPA criteria, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Average daily dose (ADD) for deterministic risk assessment and lifetime average daily dose (LADD) for cancer effects were calculated according to the following equations (13,14):…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer and Non-Cancer Risk of Arsenic in Drinking Water: A Case Study

et al. 2017

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Arsenic is a toxic element, which is found naturally in water sources. Due to its high toxicity it has become a serious problem in drinking water sources and also affects the health of communities. Therefore, in the present study, risk estimation and the probability of adverse health effects of exposure to arsenic from drinking water was evaluated in the rural areas of Qom province. Water samples were taken from 44 rural areas with regard to the number of rural areas and also the type of water distribution systems. The intensity, duration and frequency of exposure to arsenic in drinking water were determined. Then the hazard quotient and cancer risks ware calculated. Results showed that more than 16% of the rural population was exposed to arsenic with level above 10 µg/L in the rural regions of Kahak County (10 ± 6.29 µg/L). Results of risk assessment showed that hazard quotient (HQ) were 1.7 and 2, while the cancer risk (CR) were 76 × 10 -5 and 42 × 10 -4 for 2 groups of age 1 and 2, respectively. The results indicated that the hazard quotient is higher than 1 (HQ > 1) for group 1 and group 2. For carcinogenic effects, the study indicated that the population in the Kahak region are exposed to arsenic in drinking water with the concentration of > 10 µg/L and they are at a very high risk for cancer, due to the fact that the cancer risk for the 2 groups are more than 7.6 and 42 times the environmental protection agency (EPA) criteria, respectively. Therefore it is recommended that at first, the source and water supply system in Kahak region is to be substituted with safe drinking water and to provide health facilities and screening tests for exposed populations.

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“…Table 2 shows that 86% (86/100) of HHRAs applied to unregulated or unspecified drinking water were deterministic with 14% (14/100) utilizing probabilistic and/or stochastic methods in their analysis [ 27 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Only four studies had an integrated environmental risk in addition to human health (i.e., [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Risk Assessment Applied to Rural Populations Dependent on Unregulated Drinking Water Sources: A Scoping Review

Ford

Bharadwaj

McLeod

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Safe drinking water is a global challenge for rural populations dependent on unregulated water. A scoping review of research on human health risk assessments (HHRA) applied to this vulnerable population may be used to improve assessments applied by government and researchers. This review aims to summarize and describe the characteristics of HHRA methods, publications, and current literature gaps of HHRA studies on rural populations dependent on unregulated or unspecified drinking water. Peer-reviewed literature was systematically searched (January 2000 to May 2014) and identified at least one drinking water source as unregulated (21%) or unspecified (79%) in 100 studies. Only 7% of reviewed studies identified a rural community dependent on unregulated drinking water. Source water and hazards most frequently cited included groundwater (67%) and chemical water hazards (82%). Most HHRAs (86%) applied deterministic methods with 14% reporting probabilistic and stochastic methods. Publications increased over time with 57% set in Asia, and 47% of studies identified at least one literature gap in the areas of research, risk management, and community exposure. HHRAs applied to rural populations dependent on unregulated water are poorly represented in the literature even though almost half of the global population is rural.

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Arsenic in Drinking Water Toxicological Risk Assessment in the North Region of Burkina Faso

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Arsenic in African Waters: A Review

Arsenic in African Waters: A Review

Cancer and Non-Cancer Risk of Arsenic in Drinking Water: A Case Study

Human Health Risk Assessment Applied to Rural Populations Dependent on Unregulated Drinking Water Sources: A Scoping Review

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