Arsenic compounds in a marine food chain

11 12Environmental context. Marine mammals as top predators ingest a lot of arsenic from their food. In this 13 study liver samples and body fluids of marine mammals from the North and Baltic Seas were investigated 14 for arsenic speciation in order to get some information about their feeding habits. Only organic arsenic 15 compounds with low toxicity were detected in all investigated samples. Although a high quantitative 16 variability was observed, the same compounds were determined in all fluids examined. 18Abstract. The total arsenic concentrations in whole blood of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and in liver 19 tissues of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) were determined using TXRF (total-reflection X-ray 20 fluorescence spectrometry). The total arsenic concentration found in whole blood was lower for fish-fed ). In porpoise liver the arsenic concentrations were higher from carcases found in the North Sea (217- ). 25Furthermore the total arsenic content and arsenic species in urine, plasma, and gastric juice of seals and 26 the urine of porpoises, which were collected from animals at different areas in the North and Baltic Seas, 27were determined using ICPMS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry . The arsenic is almost entirely present in inorganic forms.[1] 49Marine organisms are known to accumulate and convert inorganic arsenic to organic arsenic compounds. 50Mammals such as porpoises and seals living in the marine environment and feeding exclusively on marine 51 organisms are in an exceptional position. As top predators they could accumulate arsenic due to their 52 position in the food web. Goessler et al., reported in 1997 the arsenic concentrations and speciation in a 53 three organism marine food chain starting with a seaweed followed by two gastropods. They showed that 54 arsenic was accumulated and metabolized within this food chain.[2] These results were in contrast to those 55of Kubota et al., who found lower arsenic concentrations in marine mammals (seals and porpoises) 56 compared to those of lower tropic level marine organisms from other studies.[3] Furthermore Kubota et al. 57investigated a possible correlation between arsenic accumulation and gender, age (or body length), or 58 feeding habits in liver tissues of 16 different marine mammal species. The determined arsenic 59concentrations varied widely among species and individuals ranging from 100 to 7680 µg kg -1 dry mass. 60Marine mammals feeding on fish contained lower arsenic concentrations compared to animals feeding on 61cephalopods and crustaceans but no trend with gender or age could be seen.[3] 62Seals feed with regional and seasonal variations on fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods, [4] in contrast to 63 harbor porpoises, which feed mainly on fish and less frequently on molluscs and squids.[5] 64Arsenic contents in tissues of field-collected marine mammals, fish, and invertebrates have been reported 65 in quantities ranges from less than 1000 up to 30000 µg As kg -1 dry mass. [6][7] Total arsenic content in 66 whole blood of...

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“…They showed that 54 arsenic was accumulated and metabolized within this food chain. [2] These results were in contrast to those…”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

Arsenic speciation in bodily fluids of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)

Kuenstl

Griesel²,

Prange³

et al. 2009

Environ. Chem.

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“…The aerosol produced by the HHPN was introduced into the plasma of the ICP-MS (Gössler et al 1997b) for arsenic -specific detection.…”

Section: Chromatographic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic compounds in the leaves and roots of radish grown in three soils treated by dimethylarsinic acid

et al. 2004

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The effect of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) on the growth of radish and the content of As compounds in roots and leaves of the radish were investigated. Radish was grown in pots in three soils (Fluvisols, Chernozems and Luvisols) amended with 20 mg As/kg of soil in form of DMA. Behavior and transformations of DMA in the soils differed depending on the individual soil type. In the first season, plants grew up at Luvisols only. In the second season the plants were able to grow at Luvisols and Chernozems, too. The roots and leaves of radish from Luvisols had DMA as the dominant arsenic compound present (~ 90% in the extract) in the first season. In the roots of the subsequently growing radish DMA accounted for 20% and arsenite for most of the total arsenic in the extract. In the leaves of the second-crop of radish DMA remained the dominant arsenic compound (~ 60% in the extract) with arsenate and arsenite for the remaining 40%. Roots and leaves of radish grown in Chernozems and Luvisols had a similar pa�ern of arsenic compounds. Soil properties significantly affected transformation of As species in the soils. At Fluvisols was the lowest As immobilization and about 98% was found as DMA a�er two years of experiments in the other two soils was higher As immobilization and DMA was recovered to inorganic As (V) -31% in Luvisols and 78% in Chernozems.

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“…The certi®ed reference materials were extracted by a procedure slightly modi®ed in comparison to a method of Goessler et al 24 Approximately 0.2 g of the freeze-dried sample was weighed into a 16 ml polyethylene centrifuge tube and 10 ml of methanol±water (9z1 v/v) were added. The tubes were shaken overnight.…”

Section: Extraction Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a few papers on arsenic speciation have reported concerning improvement of the sensitivity by applying more ef®cient nebulizers like the ultrasonic nebulizer (USN) 23 or the hydraulic high pressure nebulizer (HHPN). 24 The purpose of the present work was to develop a powerful separation and detection method that allows the investigation of biological samples as part of systematic environmental monitoring. Therefore, this paper discusses the separation of eight arsenic compounds by anion-exchange and cationexchange chromatography coupled to ICP-MS, which was equipped with either a cross¯ow nebulizer, USN or HHPN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of arsenic compounds by ion-exchange HPLC-ICP-MS with different nebulizers

Falk

Emons

2000

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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For the purpose of environmental biomonitoring analytical procedures for the sensitive and ef®cient speciation of the arsenic species As(III), As(V), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO), tetramethylarsonium ion (Tetra), arsenobetaine and arsenocholine have been optimized. The in¯uence of different nebulizers, in particular cross¯ow and hydraulic high pressure, on the analytical performance and quality parameters such as limit of detection and reproducibility was investigated. LODs in the range of a few pg or even below were achieved. The HPLC-ICP-MS procedures were validated by using reference materials.

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Arsenic compounds in a marine food chain

Cited by 84 publications

References 1 publication

Arsenic speciation in bodily fluids of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)

Arsenic speciation in bodily fluids of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)

Arsenic compounds in the leaves and roots of radish grown in three soils treated by dimethylarsinic acid

Speciation of arsenic compounds by ion-exchange HPLC-ICP-MS with different nebulizers

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